{"id":21797,"date":"2025-03-04T01:44:13","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T00:44:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/?p=21797"},"modified":"2025-03-04T01:45:09","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T00:45:09","slug":"nazari-tarbiyyar-hausawa-ta-gargajiya-a-matsayin-ginshiki-na-samar-da-ingantacciyar-alumma-a-wannan-zamani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/nazari-tarbiyyar-hausawa-ta-gargajiya-a-matsayin-ginshiki-na-samar-da-ingantacciyar-alumma-a-wannan-zamani\/","title":{"rendered":"Nazari: Tarbiyyar Hausawa ta gargajiya a matsayin ginshiki na samar da ingantacciyar al’umma a wannan zamani"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

TSAKURE<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ci gaban kowace al\u2019umma yana tafiya ne tare da ire-iren tsare-tsare da shirye-shiryen wannan al\u2019umma dangane da yadda take tafiyar da harkokinta waxanda suka shafi al\u2019adunta da a\u0199idunta musamman wa\u0257anda suke da ala\u0199a da tarbiyya. Dukkan al\u2019ummar da \u2018ya\u2019yanta ba su da kyakkyawar tarbiyya yana da matu\u0199ar wuya ta zauna lafiya. Idan kuwa babu zama lafiya babu yadda za a yi wannan al\u2019umma ta sami bun\u0199asar da za ta taimaka mata ta sami dauwamammen zaman lafiya da qaruwar arziki yadda kowa zai yalwata ya sami ci gaba. Domin ba da tawa gudummuwa wajen samar da mafita ga halin da al\u2019ummar Hausawa suke ciki a wannan zamani, ya sa a wannan takarda za a yi bayani a kan irin kyakkyawar tarbiyyar Hausawa ta gargajiya kafin su sami cuxanya da wasu ba\u0199in al\u2019umma, wa\u0257anda koyi da al\u2019adunsu ne ya kai al\u2019ummar Hausawa shiga cikin wannan mummunan hali da muke ciki a yau. Domin kuwa, matu\u0199ar aka waiwayi kyawawan al\u2019adun Hausawa musamman wa\u0257anda suka shafi tarbiyya aka yi masu \u2018yan gyare-gyare, za su taimaka a sami ingantaccen shugabanci ba a \u0199asar Hausa ba kawai, a\u2019a, har ma da Tarayyar Nijeriya baki \u0257aya. Wannan ne zai sa Tarayyar Nijeriya da dukkan al\u2019ummomin da suke cikinta su sami dauwamammen zaman lafiya, a kuma sami bun\u0199asa, matasa su sami abubuwan yi yadda arzikin \u0199asa zai \u0199ara yalwata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gabatarwa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    <\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Hausawa na cewa, \u201czama lafiya ya fi zama \u0257an sarki\u201d, har abada ba za a sami zama lafiya da kwanciyar hankali ba idan babu tarbiyya mai kyau. Kyakkyawar tarbiyya take sa a sami ingantaccen shugabanci da zaman lafiya da \u0199aruwar arziki ga kowace al\u2019umma.  Hakika, idan muka dubi wannan bayani da ya gabata muka kuma waiwayi irin zaman da Hausawa suka yi kafin shigowar wannan zamani, watau lokacin da suke yin cikakken ri\u0199o da kyakkyawar tarbiyyarsu ta gargajiya, wadda ta yi koyi da yin biyayya ga dokokin addini, da bin gaskiya da ri\u0199on amana, da sadar da zumunci da taimakon juna, da yin biyayya ga tsarin shugabanci irin na Hausawa, da ri\u0199e sana\u2019o\u2019in gargajiya, da nuna juriya da gwada jarunta, da nuna kunya da kara, da kuma kyakkyawar mu\u2019amala a tsakaninsu, sannan kuma idan muka kwatanta su da halin da al\u2019ummar Hausawa suke a yau, lokacin da wa\u0257annan kyawawa al\u2019adu suka \u0253ace, ma iya yanke hukunci da cewa, watsi da kyakkyawar tarbiyyar Hausawa ne, ya kai mu shiga cikin wannan hali na rashin tabbas. Watau halin da \u0199arami ba ya yi wa na gaba da shi biyayya, don idan wata rashin jituwa ta shiga tsakaninsu, \u0199arami ba ya jin kunyar cin mutunci wanda ya girme shi ko da kuwa ya kai tsarar mahaifinsa. Iyaye sun koma su ne \u2018ya\u2019ya, don kuwa \u2018ya\u2019yan suna juya su yadda suke so. Zaman banza da yaudara da cuta da yin banga ga \u2018yan siyasa marasa kishin \u0199asa sun zama abubuwan yi a wannan zamani. Haka kuma, rashin gaskiya da cin amana sun zama ruwan dare, kuma ba a \u0257auke su wani abin kunya ba. Shiga cikin irin wannan hali ga dukkan al\u2019ummar da ta san ciwon kanta, al\u2019amura ne wa\u0257anda suke bukatar dubawa da idon basira don samun mafita. Matu\u0199ar ana son a sami mafita dole ne a koma wa tarbiyyar Hausawa ta gargajiya. Dangane da haka, wannan takarda za ta yi bayani ne kan wasu daga cikin hanyoyin tarbiyyar Hausawa na gargajiya don kawo shawarwarin da za su taimaka a sami mafita cikin wannan hali da \u0199asar Hausa da Tarayyar Nijeriya suke ciki na rashin ingantaccen shugabanci a wannan zamani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.0 Waiwaye a kan Tsarin Tarbiyyar Hausawa a Jiya<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Tun lokaci mai tsawo da ya gabata kafin shigowar addinin Musulunci \u0199asar Hausa al\u2019ummar Hausawa suke gudanar rayuwarsu cikin kwanciyar hankali da zaman lafiya. Wannan kuwa ya faru ne saboda suna da kyakkyawan tsarin tarbiyya wanda ya ba kowa damarsa yadda wani ba ya shiga cikin harkar da ba ta shi ba. Wannan dalili ne ya sa ko da addinin Musulunci ya shigo ba a fuskanci wasu manyan matsaloli ba dangane da halin zamantakewar wannan al\u2019umma. Matu\u0199ar ana son kwalliya ta biya ku\u0257in sabulu, yadda za a sami ingantaccen shugabanci a wannan zamani, na ga ya dace a waiwayi tsarin tarbiyyar Hausawa ta gargajiya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.1 Biyayya ga Dokokin Addini<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Hanyar bauta wa wani abu wanda mutum yake tsammanin zai biya masa bu\u0199atun rayuwa na yau da kullum shi ne addini. Addinin farko na mutanen \u0199asar Hausa shi ne addinin gargajiya watau bautar iskoki. Addinin gargajiya ya faru ne ta bin wasu hanyoyi da mutane suka \u0199ir\u0199iro wa kansu ta bautar wa\u0257ansu abubuwa don cimma biyan bu\u0199atunsu. Irin wannan hanyar bauta ta da\u0257e \u0199warai a dukkan sassan duniya ba \u0199asar Hausa ka\u0257ai ba. Mutanen da suka fara zama a duniya ne suka \u0199ir\u0199iro ta, daga nan abin ya zama al\u2019ada ga sauran \u0199abilun da suke biye da su har ya zo ga Hausawa. Irin wannan addini ya sami rauni sakamakon zuwan addinin Musulunci \u0199asar Hausa da kuma kar\u0253ar shi ga al\u2019ummar Hausawa. Amma duk da haka ba a bar yin wasu abubuwan da suka danganci addinin gargajiya ba, don kuwa za a ga yakan yi naso a wasu al\u2019amuran rayuwar Hausawa na yau da kullum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ta wannan fuska idan muka yi waiwaye muka duba yadda al\u2019ummar Hausawa suka gudanar da addininsu na gargajiya, za a ga ba suna sassa\u0199a wani gunki ne su riqa bauta masa ba, a\u2019a, mafi yawancin bautar su ta hanyar tsafi ce. Bauta ta hanyar tsafi tana nufin bauta wa wani aljani da aka \u0257auka yana zaune a wani wuri na daban. Ire-iren wa\u0257annan aljannu an \u0257auka suna zaune ne a wata kwankwamar dutse, ko wata sar\u0199a\u0199\u0199iya, ko wurin wata tsohuwar itaciya, misali kuka ko tsamiya ko marke da sauransu. Ire-iren waxannan wuraren tsafi a \u0199asar Hausa sun ha\u0257a da wurin bautar aljani Tsumburbura wanda aka \u0257auka ya zauna a Dutsin Dala ta Kano da Kaina-Fara-Arnan-Birchi masu bautar aljani \u018aantalle da suka ce yana zaune a cikin Dutsin Birchi ta \u0198aramar Hukumar Kurfi a Jihar Katsina. Arnan Kwatarkwashi kuma suna bauta wa Maiki wanda suka \u0257auka yana zaune a cikin Dutsin Kwatarkwashi ta Jihar Zamfara. Haka kuma, a duwatsun Kufena ta Zariya cikin Jihar Kaduna, mazaunan farko na wannan wuri sun \u0257auka a cikin wa\u0257annan duwatsu, akwai wasu aljannu da suke zaune a wurin wa\u0257anda suke biya masu bu\u0199atunsu. Akwai kuma arnan Suna ta \u0199asar Kwatarkwashi da kuma wasu arnan a wasu sassa na \u0199asar Katsina da suke bautar aljani Magiro wanda suka \u0257auka yana zaune a wurin tsamiya mai sar\u0199a\u0199\u0199iya da duhuwa wadda ba mai iya zuwa wurin da take sai masu yin bautar wannan tsafi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bayan tsafi wani nau\u2019i na addinin gargajiya na Hausawa shi ne bori, watau bautar iskoki ko mutanen \u0253oye. A wurin Hausawa bori tsohuwar al\u2019ada ce, domin kuwa an da\u0257e ana yin ta a matsayin addini, kuma har yanzu da addinin Musulunci ya zama jiki ga Hausawa ba a bar yin ta ba. Hausawa sun \u0257auka ban da ma mutane, wannan duniya da muke ciki tana \u0257auke da wasu \u0253oyayyun halittu masu \u0257abi\u2019u irin na mutane. Wannan dalili ne ya sa suke kiran su mutanen \u0253oye. A saboda wasu dalilai \u2018yan bori sun rarraba iskoki zuwa kashi biyu; ba\u0199a\u0199en iskoki da fararen iskoki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ba\u0199a\u0199en iskoki su ma\u0199etata ne masu neman mutum da sharri. Idan ana son a yi wa mutum maganin da zai mutu, ko ya haukace, ko ya lalace, ko wani bala\u2019i ya fa\u0257a masa ana neman taimakon yin haka daga ba\u0199a\u0199en iskoki. Ire-iren su sun ha\u0257a da Uwar-gona da Ba\u0199o da Kure da Gajimare da Danko da Duna da Kakare. Su ba\u0199a\u0199en iskoki ba a neman su sai ta \u0253aci don su \u0199ara \u0253ata al\u2019amari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fararen iskoki kuwa na kirki ne kuma suna taimakon mutane ta hanyar bayar da dukiya da kuma sarauta. Bugu da \u0199ari kuma, suna ba mutane maganin cuce-cuce ciki har da na maganin ba\u0199a\u0199en iskoki. Daga cikin fararen iskoki akwai Sarkin Maka\u0257a Dafau da Sarkin Aljan da Sarkin Rafi da Uban Dawaki da Inna (Bafulatana) da \u018aangaladima da Malam Alhaji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Wa\u0257annan iskoki ba\u0199a\u0199e da farare,\u2019yan bori sun bayyana, wasunsu na zama tare da mutane, su kuma yi abota da su. Mutanen na hawa borinsu sai su ri\u0199a gaya masu magungunan wasu cuce-cuce. Haka kuma, suna gaya masu labarin gaibi, watau abubuwan da za su faru gobe ko ba\u0199i da sauransu. Ire iren wa\u0257annan mutane da suke yin hul\u0257a da aljannu ne Hausawa suke kira \u2018yan bori. Dukkan wanda yake son zama \u0257an bori dole sai an yi masa girka. Ana yin girka don a shirya dukkan iskokin da suke kan mutum don ya zauna lafiya da su. Ana kuma yin girka don yin magani ga marar lafiya wanda iskoki suke kansa kuma suka hana shi zama lafiya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Duk da kasancewar a al\u2019adar Hausawa ba a yi wa budurwa aure sai ta kai shekara goma sha takwas ko fiye da haka, watau an tabbatar da ta balaga, an yarda idan saurayi yana neman aure budurwa ya je tsarince wurinta, watau ya kwana gidansu a \u0257aki \u0257aya da ita bisa shimfi\u0257a \u0257aya, ko ita ta je gidan saurayin nata su kwana tare, amma duk da haka al\u2019ada ba ta yarda ya ko ta\u0253a jikinta ba, balle ma har ya aikata wani abu da ita ba, watau ya yi lalata (zina) da ita ba. Idan ya kuskura ya tava ta ko ya yi \u0199o\u0199arin yin lalata da ita, to ya shiga uku ya lalace, don kuwa duk wannan yanki nasu ba zai \u0199ara samun budurwar da za ta yarda da shi ba. Wannan dalili ne zai kai shi ga rasa matar da zai aura, daga \u0199arshe dole ya gudu ya bar \u0199asar baki \u0257ayanta yadda ba a za a sake jin labarinsa ba. Ire-iren wa\u0257annan mutane ne za a tarar sun je wasu garuruwa inda ba wanda ya san su a garin. A wasu lokuta har su mutu ba a sanin daga inda suka zo wannan \u0199asa. Wannan hukunci ga namiji ke nan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ita budurwa kuwa idan ta kuskura ta yi lalata (zina) tana fuskantar hukunci mai tsananin wanda a wani lokaci yana iya zama dalilin mutuwar ta. Wannan hukunci ya danganta da abin bautar gidansu. Da farko abin da ake fara yi shi ne, za a kira ta a tambaye ta, ko ta san xa namiji? Idan ta amsa da cewa ta san \u0257a namiji, shi ke nan ta jawo wa kanta da dukkan zuri\u2019arta abin kunya, sai kuma a rage yawan dukiyar aurenta. Idan kuwa ta amsa da cewa ba ta san \u0257a namiji ba, sai aka iyayenta su bi hanyar da suka gada ta tsafi don gane gaskiyar abin da ta fa\u0257a. Ga misalin ire-iren yadda ake gane budurwa ta san \u0257a namiji ko ba ta san shi ba kafin a yi mata aure a al\u2019adar Maguzawa da kuma irin hukunci da suke yanke wa \u2018ya\u2019yansu mata wa\u0257anda ba su kai budurcinsu ba dangane da abubuwan da suke bauta wa na gargajiya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.1.1 Masu Bautar Aljanin Magiro<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Maguzawan da suke bautar wannan tsafi sun \u0257auka aljanin yana zaune a dutsin Kwatarkwashi. A Kwatarkwashi arnan Suna ne suke bautar wannan gunki, haka kuma akwai wasu arnan a wasu sassan \u0199asar Katsina da suke bautar wannan tsafi. A \u0199asar Katsina a \u0199auyukan Kunkunna da Makanwaci da Tamna da Maikada da Daulai cikin \u0199aramar Hukumar Safana. Haka kuma, a \u0199auyukan Barza da Gerecen-Arna da Aidun Gadaje cikin \u0199aramar Hukumar \u018aanmusa akwai  arnan da suke yin irin wannan bauta ta tsafin Magiro. Domin yin wannan bauta, suna samun bishiyar tsamiya ko marken da yake da duhuwa da sar\u0199a\u0199\u0199iya. Wa\u0257annan arna na samun yashi mai laushi da kyawo su zuba a gindin wannan tsamiya ko marke, sai kuma su kawo ba\u0199in zane da ba\u0199in rawani da ba\u0199ar hula da ba\u0199ar riga da ba\u0199in wando dukkansu na sa\u0199i sai a \u0257a\u0257\u0257aura su wurin wannan tsamiya. Daga nan, sai a sami tulunan giya biyu a ajiye gindin wannan tsamiya ko marke, sai kuma a yanka ba\u0199in bunsuru a gindin tsamiyar. Dukkan wanda ya ga wa\u0257annan alamomi zai fahimci akwai wani abu da yake faruwa a wurin, kuma ana garga\u0257in mutane da su yi nesa da wurin, don ba mai zuwa wurin sai wanda yake kula da tsafin ko wani daga cikin zuri\u2019arsa. Ana tsorata mutane da cewar, dukkan wanda ya je wurin, idan ba wa\u0257annan mutane ba, dukkan abin da ya same shi ya kuka da kansa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Mabiya tsafin Magiro sun \u0257auka wannan aljani na kare su daga dukkan bala\u2019o\u2019i, kuma yana biya masu dukkan bu\u0199atun da suka nema daga gare shi. Haka kuma, suna ikirarin cewa, dukkan wanda yake da shakka kan gaskiyar tsafinsu suna iya nuna masa ta hanyar kiran aljanin. Akwai dalilan da kan sa a kira aljanin Magiro wa\u0257anda suka ha\u0257a da idan ana biki gidan mabiyansa, yana zuwa don ya bayyana wa jama\u2019a da mahaifan wannan yarinya da za a yi wa aure ba ta yi lalata (zina) ba a lokacin da take budurwa. Hanyar da ake gane haka shi ne, a ranar da za a \u0257aura wa yarinyar aure, tun da asuba sai mahaifanta su kira ta, sai a ajiye turmin daka a tsakiyar gidansu ta hau kansa ta zauna. A wannan lokaci ne za a kira wannan aljani na Magiro. Da ya iso gidan, sai ya yi ta zagaya gidan kamar iskar guguwa, ya kuma yi ta yin ruri kamar bajimin sa. Idan wannan yarinya ta ta\u0253a yin lalata, sai ya kashe ta. Idan kuwa ba ta ta\u0253a yi ba, sai ya yi ta zagaye-zagayensa har ya gama ba abin da zai sami wannan yarinya. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Wata hanya da mabiya wannan tsafi suke gane budurwa ba ta yi lalata ba ita ce, idan ya rage saura kwana \u0257aya a yi bikin, sai a sami ba\u0199in \u0257an\u2019akuya da jan zakara da goran giya a kai su wurin da ake yin tsafin Magiro. Idan gari ya waye, sai a je wurin a duba. Idan aka tarar \u0257an akuyan da zakaran sun mutu, kuma goran giya babu kome cikinsa, alama ce wadda take bayyana cewa wannan yarinya ba ta yi lalata ba, Magiro ya yi maraba da ita ke nan, sai iyayenta su yi ta murna saboda \u0257iyarsu ta kai budurcinta. Daga nan, sai a \u0257auki wannan yarinya a kai ta \u0257akin mahaifiyarta inda za a yi sauran al\u2019adun da suka dace a yi mata don kai ta gidan miji. Idan kuwa aka tarar \u0257an akuyan da zakaran suna raye, kuma ba a ta\u0253a goran giya ba, alama ce wadda take bayyana wannan yarinya ba ta kai budurcinta ba, Magiro bai yi maraba da ita ba ke nan, sai ya kashe ta. (Ibrahim, 1982: 172).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.1.2 Maguzawa Masu Bautar Tsafin Uwar-Gona<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Su kuma Maguzuwa masu bautar tsafin Uwar-Gona a lokacin da \u2018yarsu budurwa za ta yi aure, hanyar da suke bi don su gane cewa wannan yarinya wadda za a yi wa aure ta yi lalata ko ba ta yi lalata ba ita ce, sai a sa wa\u0257anda za su auri wannan yarinya su kawo \u0257an akuya. Daga nan sai a samo turamen daka uku, a kuma samo mutane uku, sai a jera turame biyu kusa da kusa, sai a sanya turmi na cikon ukun a gefen wa\u0257annan turame biyu. Daga nan, sai mutane biyu daga cikin mutanen nan uku su hau kan turmi \u0257aya – \u0257aya, shi kuma na cikon uku sai ya hau kan \u0257aya turmin. Sai a kawo wannan \u0257an akuya a ba wa\u0257annan mutane biyu wa\u0257anda suke kan turame biyu da suke kusa \u2013 kusa. \u018aaya ya ri\u0199e \u0199afafun gaba, shi kuma \u0257ayan ya ri\u0199e \u0199afafun gaba. Shi kuma wanda yake kan \u0257ayan turmi na cikon uku, sai a kawo masa wani takobi na tsafi wanda aka ajiye ba a amfani da shi sai irin wannan rana. Lokaci da ya amshi wannan takobi, sai ya sari wannan \u0257an akuya da shi. Idan wannan yarinya ba ta san \u0257a namiji ba, sara \u0257aya zai yi wa wannan \u0257an akuya ya raba shu biyu. Shi ke nan sai iyaye da abokan arziki su yi ta murna, \u2018yarsu ta kai budurcinta. Idan kuwa wannan yarinya ta san \u0257a namiji ko sara nawa ya yi wa wannan \u0257an akuya ba zai yi masa ko \u0199warzane ba balle ya raba shi biyu. Daga nan,  nan take wannan yarinya za ta fa\u0257i ta mutu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.1.3 Maguzawa Masu Bautar Tsafin Kurmawa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Maguzawan da suke bautar tsafin Kurmawa wa\u0257anda ake samu a \u0199asar Katsina da Kano da Zamfara, a lokacin da za su yi wa \u0257iyarsu budurwa aure, idan an tambaye ta ko ta san namiji? Idan ta amsa ba ta san \u0257a namiji ba, sai a samo \u0257an kwikwiyo da rago a yanka su, a fe\u0257e su, a kuma yayyanka namansu a ha\u0257e su wuri \u0257aya a soya. Bayan ya naman ya soya, sai a kira wannan yarinya a ba ta naman ta ci. Idan ba ta san \u0257a namiji ba, duk lokacin da za ta \u0257auko tsokar naman, sai ta \u0257auko ta ragon, za ta ci har ta \u0199oshi ba abin da zai same ta. Idan kuwa ta san \u0257a namiji ba za ta bambance naman kare da na ragon ba, sai ta ha\u0257a su ta yi ta ci har sai ta qoshi. Daga nan sai ta fa\u0257i ta mutu nan take. Idan kuwa a lokacin da aka tambaye ta, ko ta san \u0257a namiji? Ta amsa da cewa ta sani, sai a ba ta wannan kwikwiyo ta ri\u0199a yawo da shi, don bayyana wa jama\u2019a ba ta kai buturcinta ba, sannan kuma a rage yawan dukiyar aurenta. Wannan dalili ne, ya sa Hausawa yin maganar hikima da suke cewa, \u2018laifi kwikwiyo ne mai shi yake bi\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.1.4 Maguzawa Masu Bautar Tsafin Ma\u0199era<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Su kuwa Maguzawan da suke bautar tsafin Ma\u0199era wa\u0257anda su ma ana samun a \u0199asar Katsina da Kano da Zamfara, a lokacin da za su yi wa \u2018yarsu budurwa aure, idan ya rage saura kwana \u0257aya a \u0257aura mata aure, sai a kira ta a tambaye ta ko ta san \u0257a namiji? Idan ta amsa da cewa ba ta san \u0257a namiji ba, sai a samo jan zakara. Daga nan, sai a \u0257ebo jar dawa a sami mata uku ko hu\u0257u majiya \u0199arfi, sai a kamo wannan zakara a sanya shi \u0199arqashin turmin da ake daka, a zuba wannan jar dawa cikin wannan turmi, sai wa\u0257annan mata su yi ta dakan wannan dawa har sai sun mayar da ita gari. Lokacin da suke dakan wannan dawa wannan zakara na \u0199ar\u0199ashin turmin da suke dakan. Idan wannan yarinya ba ta san \u0257a namiji ba, duk tsawon lokacin da aka \u0257auka ana dakan wannan dawa ba abin da zai sami zakaran. Hasali ma, washegari ranar da za a \u0257aura auren wannan yarinya, zakaran ne zai fara cara da asuba don tayar da mutanen wannan gida daga barci. Idan kuwa wannan yarinya ta san \u0257a namiji, da safe idan aka \u0257aga turmin da aka sanya zakaran za a tarar ya rududduge ya saje da \u0199asa. Ana ganin haka, ita kuma wannan yarinya tana fa\u0257uwa nan take ta mutu (Ibrahim, 1982: 173 – 175) .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    2.2 Biyayya ga Tsarin Shugabancin Gargajiya na Hausawa <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Shugabanci yana nufin yi wa al\u2019umma jagora a halin zamantakewarsu na yau da kullum. A nan duk wanda aka ba ragamar tafiyar da mulkin al\u2019umma, nauyi ya hau kansa na tsare lafiyarsu da dukiyarsu da mutuncinsu. Su kuma wa\u0257anda ake shugabanta ha\u0199\u0199insu ne su ba wanda yake shugabancinsu ha\u0257in kai, da bin ummurnin sa ta hanyar bin doka da oda, da yi masa biyayya don ya sami sau\u0199in tafiyar da mulkinsu cikin kwanciyar hankali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    A \u0199asar Hausa shugabanci yana farawa daga gida, a kowane gida wanda yake \u0199unshe da mutanen da suka kai biyu ko wa\u0257anda suka wuce haka, akwai maigida wanda nauyin dukkan mutanen wannan gida yana kansa. Shi ne yake shugabancin harkokin rayuwar yau da kullum na mutanen da suke wannan gida. A saboda haka dukkan mutanen wannan gida wa\u0257anda suka ha\u0257a da matansa da \u2018ya\u2019yansa da \u0199annensa da jikokinsa da barorinsa duk da matansu da \u2018yan cin arziki suna bin ummurninsa. Haka kuma, shi ne yake \u0257aukar nauyin yi masu dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi sutura da abinci da tsaro da kare mutuncinsu. Idan ire-iren wa\u0257annan gidaje suka yi yawa, sai su kafa unguwa. Daga cikin masu wa\u0257annan gidaje, sai a sami wani mai kwarjini da iya tafiyar da harkokin al\u2019ummarsa a ba shi mu\u0199amin mai\u2019unguwa. Mutanen wannan unguwa ne suke za\u0253ar sa su kai shi ga dagacinsu wanda shi ne zai amince da shi. Daga nan nauyin tafiyar da harkokin mulkin al\u2019ummar wannan unguwa ya hau kansa. Shi ne kuma zai ri\u0199a wakiltarsu a duk wasu harkoki da kuma yin sasanci a tsakanin talakawan wannan unguwa. Haka kuma, shi zai ri\u0199a tattara ku\u0257in harajin mutanen wannan unguwa don kai wa dagacinsu (Usman, 1972:176).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Samuwar unguwanni da yawa ke sa a sami dagaci wanda shi yake shugabantar masu unguwanni. Dukkan abubuwan da ke faruwa a wa\u0257annan unguwanni sai an sanar da shi. Haka kuma, duk wani sasanci da ya gagari mai\u2019unguwa, sai ya kai wa dagaci don ya sasanta. Dagaci ne yake wakiltar al\u2019ummominsa wa\u0257anda suke zaune a unguwanni a wasu al\u2019amuran da suka shafi wa\u0257annan unguwanni, kuma shi masu unguwanni suke kai wa ku\u0257in harajin unguwanninsu don ya kai wa hakimi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Garuruwan dagatai da yawa suke samar da \u0199asar hakimi ko uban \u0199asa, wanda shi yake shugabancin dukkan garuruwan dagatai da suke \u0199ar\u0199ashinsa. Dukkan abubuwan da suke faruwa a garuruwan dagatai sai an sanar da hakimi, kuma shi yake wakiltarsu a wasu ma\u2019amalolin da suka shafi wannan \u0199asa tasu. Idan dagatai sun gaza wajen yin sasanci a tsakanin talakawansu, sai su mi\u0199a maganar ga hakimi wanda zai yi iyakar \u0199o\u0199arinsa ya yi sasanci. Bayan dagatai sun kammala tattara ku\u0257in harajin \u0199asashensu, sai su kawo wa hakimi daga nan sai ya kai wa sarki.Wa\u0257annan \u0199asashe na hakimai su ne suke taruwa su kafa \u0199asar sarki wanda shi ne wu\u0199a da nama a duk harkokin da ke faruwa a wannan masarauta. Dukkan mutanen da suke zaune a wannan \u0199asa na \u0199arqashin ikonsa, kuma hakimai na sanar da shi dukkan abubuwan da suke faruwa a \u0199asashensu. Idan hakimai sun gaza wajen yin sasanci tsakanin talakawansu, sai su kai maganar ga sarki, wanda ta hanyar shawartar \u2018yan majalisarsa zai yanke hukunci na \u0199arshe ko da da\u0257i ko ba da\u0257i.Wanda hukuncin bai yi wa da\u0257i ba, dole ya yi ha\u0199uri (wannan dalilin ne ya sa ake yi wa sarakunan gargajiya na \u0199asar Hausa la\u0199abi da sunan wu\u0199ar-yanka). Idan hakimai suka kammala tattara ku\u0257in haraji na \u0199asashensu, sai su kai wa sarki, wanda zai sa a saka su cikin Baitulmali don gudanar da harkokin mulki na wannan masarauta (Usman, 1972:176).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    A kowace masarauta akwai \u2018yan majalisar wannan sarki, su ne suke taimaka wa wannan sarki da shawarwarin aiwatar da mulkin wannan \u0199asa cikin nasara da adalci. Wa\u0257annan \u2018yan majalisa sun ha\u0257a da waziri wanda shi ne babban mai taimaka wa sarki, kuma a mafi yawancin lokaci shi yake wakiltarsa a lokacin da ya yi wata tafiya wajen masarautarsa. Bayansa, akwai al\u0199ali da magatakarda da ma\u2019aji ko ajiya da sarkin fada da shamaki da shantali da galadima da sarkin gida da sauransu da dama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bayan wa\u0257annan sarautu, akwai wa\u0257anda ake ba masu yin sana\u2019o\u2019in gargajiya. Kowace sana\u2019a tana da wanda ake ba jagorancin masu yin wannan don ya yi jagoranci da sasanci a tsakanin masu yin wannan sana\u2019a da kuma tafiyar da sana\u2019ar bisa ingantaccen tsari. Ire-iren wa\u0257annan sarautu sun ha\u0257a da sarkin noma ga manoma da sarkin ma\u0199era ga masu sana\u2019ar \u0199ira da sarkin aska ga wanzamai da sarkin maka\u0257a ga maka\u0257a da san\u0199ira ko sarkin ro\u0199o ga maro\u0199a da sarkin fawa ga mafauta da sauransu da dama (Adamu,1978:5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dukkan wa\u0257annan sarautu da aka yi bayani a kansu tun daga mai unguwa zuwa ga sarki da \u2018yan majalisarsa da masu ri\u0199e da sarautun sana\u2019o\u2019in gargajiya, an tsara su ne bisa tafarkin gado.Watau idan wanda yake ri\u0199e da sarauta ya rasu ko aka tu\u0253e shi, a mafi yawancin lokaci ana za\u0253ar wani daga cikin \u2018ya\u2019yansa ko \u0257an\u2019uwansa don ya gaje shi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Babban ginshi\u0199in tafiyar da kowane irin mulki shi ne adalci, watau shugaba ya zama adali wajen tafiyar da mulkinsa ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, ya kuma ba kowa ha\u0199\u0199insa ba tare da la\u2019akari da nasabarsa, ko mu\u0199aminsa ba. Dukkan \u0199asar da take da shugabanni masu yin adalci ga talakawansu, wannan \u0199asa za ta zauna lafiya ta kuma sami cigaba da \u0199aruwar arziki. Idan muka waiwayi yadda aka ri\u0199a gudanar da mulki a \u0199asar Hausa kafin zuwan wannan zamani za a ga cewa, ana gudanar da shi ne bisa adalci, don kuwa akwai zaman lafiya tsakanin al\u2019ummomin wannan \u0199asa. Misali, a cikin gida ko unguwa ko cikin gari, manya suna iya yin hukunci idan suka ga na \u0199asa na yin rashin daidai ko da kuwa ba su da wata dangantaka ko nasaba ta jini. A tunaninsu yaro duka na kowa ne, matu\u0199ar ka ga yana yin wani abu na rashin daidai, idan ba ka tsawata masa ba, to, a al\u2019adar zamantakewa ta Hausawa ba a yi daidai ba, kuma ba za a \u0257auki wannan mutum wanda ya san daidai ba. A wancan zamani takan kai matakin idan babban mutum ya tarar ana yin rashin daidai yana iya yin hukunci mai tsanani (ko da kuwa zai kai matsayin duka) ga wa\u0257anda ya tarar suna yin rashin daidai \u0257in, ko ya san su, ko bai san su, ko da dangantaka ko babu wata dangantaka tsakaninsu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.3 Bin Gaskiya da Ri\u0199on Amana a Al\u2019adar Hausawa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Gaskiya na nufin yin dukkan wani abu wanda zai bayyana zahirin yadda wannan abu yake, watau ba ragi ba \u0199ari. Ri\u0199on amana kuma na nufin adana wani abu na dukiya ko sirri wanda a lokacin da bukatar shi ta taso a bayar da shi kamar yadda aka bayar. Idan kuma wani sirri ne ba za a sanar da kowa ba, daga kai sai wanda ya sanar da kai. Kafin zuwan wannan zamani an san al\u2019ummar Hausawa da bin gaskiya da ri\u0199on amana ga dukkan al\u2019amuransu na rayuwa. Wannan dalili ne ya sa a wancan zamani kafin shigowar addinin Musulunci al\u2019ummar Maguzawa ba sa fa\u0257in \u0199arya komin tsanani ko da\u0257i. Haka kuma, al\u2019ummar Hausawa mutane ne masu ri\u0199on amana. Abin nufi a nan shi ne, a wancan zamani duk irin halin matsi da tsananin da aka shiga idan ka kawo wani abu wanda ya shafi dukiya ko ku\u0257i ka ba Bahaushe ajiya ko ka ba shi sa\u0199o ya kai wa wani, duk irin halin da yake ciki ba za ya yi amfani da wannan dukiya ba har sai lokacin da ka bukata ya \u0257auko maka. Haka kuma, idan sa\u0199o ne ka ba shi ya kai wa wani, zai kai masa kamar yadda ka ba shi ba tare da ya rage wani abu ba. Idan kuma ka sanar da shi wani sirri, ba za ya gaya wa kowa ba daga kai sai shi. Wannan al\u2019amari ya taimaka matu\u0199a gaya wajen zaman Hausawa lafiya a wancan zamani. Saboda irin yadda Hausawa suka yarda da bin gaskiya har maganganun hikima suke da su masu yawa wa\u0257anda suke nuna muhimmanci gaskiya kamar haka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Komi za ka fa\u0257i, fa\u0257i gaskiya kome taka ja maka ta biya.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Marar gaskiya ko cikin ruwa yake ya yi ji\u0253i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Gaskiya dokin \u0199arfe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ciki da gaskiya wu\u0199a ba ta huda shi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Gaskiya nagartar namiji.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • A da\u0257e ana yi sai gaskiya.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Gaskiya akurkin \u0257un\u0257u mai wuyar saka hannu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      2.4 Sadar da Zumunci da Taimakon Juna a Al\u2019adar Hausawa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Sadar da zumunci al\u2019amari ne wanda al\u2019ummar Hausawa suke ba matu\u0199ar muhimmanci, don kuwa lokaci bayan lokaci \u2018yan\u2019uwa da abokan arziki kan riqa ziyartar juna don gaisawa da ganin halin da suke ciki. Kafin su tafi ziyartar \u2018yan\u2019uwa da abokan arziki sukan ri\u0199a wani abu su kai masu, ana yin haka gwargwadon \u0199arfin arzikin mutum. Wasu kuma, saboda rashin abin da za su kai ba za ya hana su yin zumuncin ba, suna zuwa wurin \u2018yan\u2019uwansu domin su ga halin da suke ciki ba dole sai sun kai masu wani abu ba. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Domin tafiyar da rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum cikin sau\u0199i, al\u2019ummar Hausawa suna bin tafarkin rayuwa ta cu\u0257an-in-cu\u0257e-ka, watau taimakon-kai-da-kai. Ta wannan fuska, idan abin arziki ya sami \u0257an\u2019uwa, ko abokin arziki, ko wanda ake zaune tare da shi a wannan \u0199auye ko unguwa ko gari, misali aure ko haihuwa, sai duk a taru don taya shi murna. A lokacin bikin, za a yi ta kawo masa gudummuwa wadda wasu kan kawo hatsi ko abinci ko ku\u0257i ko sutura da sauransu don dai a taimaka wa wannan \u0257an\u2019uwa, ko abokin arziki gudanar da wannan hidima ba tare da ya wahala ba. Irin wannan halayya ce a wannan zamani ta haifar da \u0199ungiyoyin taimaron-kai-da-kai da kuma \u0199ungiyoyin ajo domin taimaka wa juna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Haka kuma idan abin ba\u0199in-ciki ya sami wani mutum, misali rashin lafiya, ko mutuwa, ko wata masifa, \u2018yan\u2019uwa da abokan arziki da wa\u0257anda ake zaune tare da su, na kusa da na nesa suna ziyartar sa domin yi masa jaje da taya shi jimamin wannan hali da ya shiga na rashin lafiya ko masifa ko rashin \u0257an\u2019uwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Bayan wannan al\u2019ummar Hausawa na tafiyar da ayyukan gayya don taimakon-kai-da-ka. Ana yin ayyukan gayya wajen yin sababbin \u0257akuna da gyara tsofaffi da yin darnin gida da na garka a gonaki da \u0257orin \u0257an bisan \u0257aki da na rumbu. Haka kuma ana yin ayyukan gayya a gonaki don yin sassabe da hu\u0257a da shuka da noma da girbi da \u0257aurin amfanin gona da kuma kawo shi gida. A cikin \u0199auyuka da garuruwa ana yin ayyukan gayya don gyaran magudanun ruwa da mashayar ruwa ta mutane da ta dabbobi da kuma gyaran hanyoyin da ake bi don kai amfanin gona gida da kasuwanni (Sallau, 2010: 5-6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2.5 Ri\u0199o da Sana\u2019o\u2019in Gargajiya na Hausawa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Kafin zuwan wannan zamani al\u2019ummar Hausawa mutane ne wa\u0257anda suka ri\u0199e sana\u2019o\u2019insu na gargajiya da suka ha\u0257a da noma da kiwo da fatauci da dukanci da \u0199ira da jima da sa\u0199a da sassa\u0199a da wanzanci da sauransu. Mata ma ba a bar su baya ba, don kuwa sun riqe sana\u2019o\u2019insu da matu\u0199ar daraja irin su ka\u0257i da dakau da kitso da sauransu. Ri\u0199o da wa\u0257annan sana\u2019o\u2019i ya taimaka al\u2019ummar Hausawa a wancan zamani sun zauna lafiya ba tare da fuskantar matsalolin da a yau shugabannin wannan zamani suka gaza wajen warware su, musamman rashin ayyukan yi ga matasa. A ra\u2019ayina akwai ayyukan yi ga dukkan mazauna \u0199asar Hausa \u2018yan gida da ba\u0199i. Matsalar ita ce, kowa ya mayar da hankalinsa wajen aikin gwamnati ko na kamfanoni don a wa\u0257annan wurare ne za a sami ku\u0257i ba tare da an yi wata wahala ba. Matu\u0199ar an koma ma tarbiyyar ri\u0199e sana\u2019o\u2019in gargajiya na Hausawa za a warware wannan matsala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2.6 Kara da Alkunya a Al\u2019adar Hausawa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      A al\u2019adar Hausawa ta gargajiya ana ba kara da alkunya matu\u0199ar muhimmanci saboda kasancewarsu wasu al\u2019amura da ake bambanta mutumen kirki da mutumen banza. Ta wannan fuska, don nuna kara, al\u2019ummar Hausawa suna girmama dukkan wanda ya fi su shekaru ko da kuwa ba su da wata dangantaka ta jini. Misali, dukkan wanda ya kai tsarar mahaifi ba a kiran sunansa, sai da a ce masa \u201cbaba\u201d. Haka kuma, dukkan wanda ya fi ka shekaru, ba a fa\u0257in sunansa sai dai a ce masa \u201cyaya\u201d. Su ma mata, suna da irin wannan al\u2019ada, don kuwa a lokacin da ya gabata, mace ba ta fa\u0257in sunan mijinta na fari, ko \u0257anta na fari. Duk ana yin wa\u0257annan abubuwa don nuna kara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ta fuskar alkunya kuma, akwai abubuwa masu yawa wa\u0257anda al\u2019ummar Hausawa da suka gabata suka \u0199yamata don kar a danganta su da marasa kunya. Misali, manyan mutane ba sa yin maganganun banza da na batsa wurin da yara suke. Haka su ma mata, akwai abubuwa masu tarin yawa wa\u0257anda ba sa aikatawa don gudun jin kunya, kamar ci abinci rariya da sauransu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3.1 Matsayin Tarbiyyar Hausawa a yau<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Idan muka dubi tarbiyyar Hausawa a yau kuma muka kwatanta ta da tarbiyyar Hausa ta gargajiya, watau kafin shigowar wannan zamani, za a ga akwai babban sauyi, wanda wannan sauyi ne ya kai mu shiga cikin halin da muke ciki a yanzu. Idan za mu \u0257auki wa\u0257annan hanyoyin tarbiyya na gargajiya da kuma irin yadda zuwan addinin Musulunci ya \u0199ara masu \u0199arfin gwiwa, za a ga cewa, a yau watsi da su ne ya kai \u0199asar Hausa da Tarayyar Nijeriya shiga halin da muke ciki na rashin kyakkyawan shugabanci da ingantacciyyar al\u2019umma. Misali, idan muka \u0257auki biyayya ga dokokin addini, wanda a wannan zamani mafi rinjaye na al\u2019ummar Hausawa sun kar\u0253i addinin Musulunci,  za a ga cewa, a yau biyayya ga dokokin addinin Musulunci a baka suke kawai. A aikace biyayya ga dokokin addinin Musulunci ta yi rauni saboda ba a bin dokokinsa wajen yanke hukunci kamar yadda suke cikin Alqur\u2019ani da Hadisan Annabi Muhammadu, tsira da amincin Allah su \u0199ara tabbata a gare shi. Haka kuma, tsarin shugabanci a wannan zamani ya sha bamban da yadda Hausawa suka gudanar da shi kafin zuwan wannan zamani. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Zuwan Turawa \u0199asar Hausa ya sa sun kawo sabuwar rayuwa wadda ta shafi yadda ake gudanar da mulki, sun ce mulkin Dimokra\u0257iyya ne, watau jama\u2019a su za\u0253i shugabannin da za su yi masu jagoranci, amma saboda yadda ake son mulkin ya sa ba a barin jama\u2019a su za\u0253i wa\u0257anda za su yi masu mulkin adalci. Maimakon haka ana tilasta shugabanni a kan mutane wa\u0257anda suke sace dukiyar al\u2019umma, suka cusa wa al\u2019umma matsanancin talauci wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mayar da wasu mutane bayi, ana juya su yadda aka so, ana sanya matasa suna cin mutunci dukkan wanda ba ya goyon bayansu ko wanda ya ce ba su yi daidai ba. Wannan ne ya sa a yanzu gaskiya da ri\u0199on amana suka yi rauni a cikin zukatan wasu mutane. Abin da ake so kawai shi ne, ta wace hanya za a sami ku\u0257i a azurta a dare \u0257aya ba tare da an yi wata wahala ba. Sannan kuma, zumunci ya yi wuya, don a wannan zamani ana bin a\u0199idar kowa tashi-ta-fisshe shi. \u018aan\u2019uwa mai arziki ba ya taimaka wa danginsa mabu\u0199ata, ma\u0199wabci ba ya kyautata wa wa\u0257anda yake ma\u0199wabtaka da su. Yara ba su kunyar manya, manya ba su tausaya wa \u0199anana. Ayyukan \u0253arna (zinace-zinace da ta\u2019addanci da sace-sace da fashi da makami) sun yi yawa cikin \u0199asa har ta kai matsayin ba a jin kunyar aikata su a gaban jama\u2019a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"Is
      Hoton dalibai suna karbar darasi a makaranta. Asalin hoton : Date Line Nigeria.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      4.1 Shawarwarin da za su Taimaka a sami Ingantaccen Shugabanci a Wannan Zamani<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Matu\u0199ar ana son samun gyara yadda wannan \u0199asa tamu za ta sami ingantaccen shuganacin da zai sa a sami zama lafiya, arzikin \u0199asa ya dawo yadda kowa zai sami wadata da \u0199aruwar arziki ya zama dole a koma wa tsarin tarbiyyar Hausawa ta gargajiya wadda za a yi mata wasu \u2018yan gyare-gyare yadda za ta tafi daidai da zamani:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Shugabanni su ri\u0199a gudanar da mulkinsu cikin adalci, kuma da yake a wannan zamani ana mulki irin na siyasa, ya zama dole a bar jama\u2019a su za\u0253i wa\u0257anda za su shugabance su, don kuwa tilasta shugaba a kan al\u2019umma zai \u0199ara \u0253ata al\u2019amari.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Ya zama dole a ri\u0199a tsare gaskiya da ri\u0199e amana wajen gudanar da mulki da sauran ma\u2019amalolin rayuwa a kowane hali mutum ya sami kansa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u0198ara sada zumunci da taimakon juna zai taimaka a \u0199ara samun fahimtar juna, yadda za a gudu tare a tsira tare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Koma wa sana\u2019o\u2019in gargajiya na Hausawa don samun abubuwan yi maganin zaman banza da yin bangar siyasa da maula.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Jawabin Kammalawa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bisa la\u2019akari da abubuwan da aka tattauna a wannan takarda wa\u0257anda suka danganci tarbiyyar Hausawa ta gargajiya don samo hanyar da za ta taimaka a sami ingantaccen shugabanci a wannan zamani, a iya cewa ya zama dole a fahimci cewa, kyakkyawar tarbiyya ita ce ginshi\u0199in da zai tarbe dukkan wata fitina da za ta fuskanci kowace \u0199asa. Kyakkyawar tarbiyya ce za ta taimaka wa \u0257an\u2019adam ya san abin da yake bauta wa, ita ce za ta horar da mutum ya san abubuwan da abin da yake bauta wa yake so da wa\u0257anda ba ya so. Haka kuma, ya zama dole a ri\u0199a gudanar da shugabanci bisa adalci da tsoron Allah, a kyautata wa wa\u0257anda ake shugabanta ta hanyar sauraren koke-kokensu da biya masu bukatunsu. Sannan kuma, ya zama dole a bar al\u2019umma ta ri\u0199a za\u0253ar shugabannin da za su jagoranci mulkinta. Ri\u0199o da gaskiya da tsare amana na daga cikin abubuwan da matu\u0199ar aka rie su za a sami ingantaccen shugabancin da zai taimaka wa al\u2019umma ta sami dauwammen cigaba da zama lafiya. Dukkan al\u2019ummar da take sadar da zumunci, kuma \u2018ya\u2019yanta suna taimakon junansu za ta \u0199ara samun cigaban da zai taimaka mata ta zauna lafiya. Idan har muna son samun ingantaccen shugabanci a wannan \u0199asa tamu, ya zama dole mu rungumi wa\u0257annan hanyoyi na tarbiyya kamar yadda Hausawa suka gudanar da su musamman bayan sun kar\u0253i addinin Musulunci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Manazarta<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Adamu, M. (1978) The Hausa Factor in West African History<\/em>, Zaria\/Ibadan: Ahmadu Bello University Press\/Oxford University Press of Nigeria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Alhassan, H. da Wasu, (1982) Zaman Hausawa<\/em>.Zariya: Institute of Education Press, ABU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ibrahim, M.S.(1982) \u201dDangantakar Al\u2019ada da Addini:Tasirin Musulunci kan Rayuwar Hausawa ta Gargajiya, Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami\u2019ar Bayero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Isah, Z. (2006) \u201cGaskiya a Tunanin Hausawa\u201d, Kundin Digiri na Farko. Zariya: Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya da Afirka, Tsangaya Fasaha, Jami\u2019ar Ahmadu Bello.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sallau, B.A.S. (2009) \u201cSana\u2019ar Wanzanci da Sauye \u2013 Sauyen Zamani Jiya da Yau\u201d, Kundin Digiri na Uku. Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami\u2019ar Bayero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sallau, B.A.S (2010) Wanzanci da Muhimmancinsa ga Rayuwar Hausawa. <\/em>Kaduna:M.A.Najiu Professional Printers, No. 3 Kenya Road.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Smith, M.G. (1957) “The Hausa System of Social Status”,  in Africa <\/em>Vol. XXVII. No.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Shu\u2019aibu, M. (2003) \u201cGurbin Gaskiya Cikin Adabin Hausa\u201d, Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Sakkwato: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami\u2019ar Usmanu \u018aanfodiyo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Usman, Y.B. (1972) \u201dSome Aspects of the External Relations of Katsina Before 1804\u201d, Savanna Vol.I.No.2.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bashir Aliyu Sallau. Ph.D.<\/strong> (Sarkin Askar Yariman Katsina) Farfesan Nazarin Al\u2019adun Hausawa Sashen Koyar da Hausa Tsangayar Fasaha Jami\u2019ar Gwamnatin Tarayya Dutsin-ma Jihar Katsina \u2013 Katsina\u00a0\u00a0ne ya yi mana wannan nazarin. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        TSAKURE Ci gaban kowace al\u2019umma yana tafiya ne tare da ire-iren tsare-tsare da shirye-shiryen wannan al\u2019umma dangane da yadda take tafiyar da harkokinta waxanda suka shafi al\u2019adunta da a\u0199idunta musamman wa\u0257anda suke da ala\u0199a da tarbiyya. Dukkan al\u2019ummar da \u2018ya\u2019yanta ba su da kyakkyawar tarbiyya yana da matu\u0199ar wuya ta zauna lafiya. Idan kuwa babu zama lafiya babu yadda za a yi wannan al\u2019umma ta sami bun\u0199asar da za ta taimaka mata ta sami dauwamammen zaman lafiya da qaruwar arziki yadda kowa zai yalwata ya sami ci gaba. Domin ba da tawa gudummuwa wajen samar da mafita ga halin da al\u2019ummar Hausawa suke ciki a wannan zamani, ya sa a wannan takarda za a yi bayani a kan irin kyakkyawar tarbiyyar Hausawa ta gargajiya kafin su sami cuxanya da wasu ba\u0199in al\u2019umma, wa\u0257anda koyi da al\u2019adunsu ne ya kai al\u2019ummar Hausawa shiga cikin wannan mummunan hali da muke ciki a yau. Domin kuwa, matu\u0199ar aka waiwayi kyawawan al\u2019adun Hausawa musamman wa\u0257anda suka shafi tarbiyya aka yi masu \u2018yan gyare-gyare, za su taimaka a sami ingantaccen shugabanci ba a \u0199asar Hausa ba kawai, a\u2019a, har ma da Tarayyar Nijeriya baki \u0257aya. Wannan ne zai sa Tarayyar Nijeriya da dukkan al\u2019ummomin da suke cikinta su sami dauwamammen zaman lafiya, a kuma sami bun\u0199asa, matasa su sami abubuwan yi yadda arzikin \u0199asa zai \u0199ara yalwata. Gabatarwa Hausawa na cewa, \u201czama lafiya ya fi zama \u0257an sarki\u201d, har abada ba za a sami zama lafiya da kwanciyar hankali ba idan babu tarbiyya mai kyau. Kyakkyawar tarbiyya take sa a sami ingantaccen shugabanci da zaman lafiya da \u0199aruwar arziki ga kowace al\u2019umma.  Hakika, idan muka dubi wannan bayani da ya gabata muka kuma waiwayi irin zaman da Hausawa suka yi kafin shigowar wannan zamani, watau lokacin da suke yin cikakken ri\u0199o da kyakkyawar tarbiyyarsu ta gargajiya, wadda ta yi koyi da yin biyayya ga dokokin addini, da bin gaskiya da ri\u0199on amana, da sadar da zumunci da taimakon juna, da yin biyayya ga tsarin shugabanci irin na Hausawa, da ri\u0199e sana\u2019o\u2019in gargajiya, da nuna juriya da gwada jarunta, da nuna kunya da kara, da kuma kyakkyawar mu\u2019amala a tsakaninsu, sannan kuma idan muka kwatanta su da halin da al\u2019ummar Hausawa suke a yau, lokacin da wa\u0257annan kyawawa al\u2019adu suka \u0253ace, ma iya yanke hukunci da cewa, watsi da kyakkyawar tarbiyyar Hausawa ne, ya kai mu shiga cikin wannan hali na rashin tabbas. Watau halin da \u0199arami ba ya yi wa na gaba da shi biyayya, don idan wata rashin jituwa ta shiga tsakaninsu, \u0199arami ba ya jin kunyar cin mutunci wanda ya girme shi ko da kuwa ya kai tsarar mahaifinsa. Iyaye sun koma su ne \u2018ya\u2019ya, don kuwa \u2018ya\u2019yan suna juya su yadda suke so. Zaman banza da yaudara da cuta da yin banga ga \u2018yan siyasa marasa kishin \u0199asa sun zama abubuwan yi a wannan zamani. Haka kuma, rashin gaskiya da cin amana sun zama ruwan dare, kuma ba a \u0257auke su wani abin kunya ba. Shiga cikin irin wannan hali ga dukkan al\u2019ummar da ta san ciwon kanta, al\u2019amura ne wa\u0257anda suke bukatar dubawa da idon basira don samun mafita. Matu\u0199ar ana son a sami mafita dole ne a koma wa tarbiyyar Hausawa ta gargajiya. Dangane da haka, wannan takarda za ta yi bayani ne kan wasu daga cikin hanyoyin tarbiyyar Hausawa na gargajiya don kawo shawarwarin da za su taimaka a sami mafita cikin wannan hali da \u0199asar Hausa da Tarayyar Nijeriya suke ciki na rashin ingantaccen shugabanci a wannan zamani. 2.0 Waiwaye a kan Tsarin Tarbiyyar Hausawa a Jiya  Tun lokaci mai tsawo da ya gabata kafin shigowar addinin Musulunci \u0199asar Hausa al\u2019ummar Hausawa suke gudanar rayuwarsu cikin kwanciyar hankali da zaman lafiya. Wannan kuwa ya faru ne saboda suna da kyakkyawan tsarin tarbiyya wanda ya ba kowa damarsa yadda wani ba ya shiga cikin harkar da ba ta shi ba. Wannan dalili ne ya sa ko da addinin Musulunci ya shigo ba a fuskanci wasu manyan matsaloli ba dangane da halin zamantakewar wannan al\u2019umma. Matu\u0199ar ana son kwalliya ta biya ku\u0257in sabulu, yadda za a sami ingantaccen shugabanci a wannan zamani, na ga ya dace a waiwayi tsarin tarbiyyar Hausawa ta gargajiya. 2.1 Biyayya ga Dokokin Addini Hanyar bauta wa wani abu wanda mutum yake tsammanin zai biya masa bu\u0199atun rayuwa na yau da kullum shi ne addini. Addinin farko na mutanen \u0199asar Hausa shi ne addinin gargajiya watau bautar iskoki. Addinin gargajiya ya faru ne ta bin wasu hanyoyi da mutane suka \u0199ir\u0199iro wa kansu ta bautar wa\u0257ansu abubuwa don cimma biyan bu\u0199atunsu. Irin wannan hanyar bauta ta da\u0257e \u0199warai a dukkan sassan duniya ba \u0199asar Hausa ka\u0257ai ba. Mutanen da suka fara zama a duniya ne suka \u0199ir\u0199iro ta, daga nan abin ya zama al\u2019ada ga sauran \u0199abilun da suke biye da su har ya zo ga Hausawa. Irin wannan addini ya sami rauni sakamakon zuwan addinin Musulunci \u0199asar Hausa da kuma kar\u0253ar shi ga al\u2019ummar Hausawa. Amma duk da haka ba a bar yin wasu abubuwan da suka danganci addinin gargajiya ba, don kuwa za a ga yakan yi naso a wasu al\u2019amuran rayuwar Hausawa na yau da kullum. Ta wannan fuska idan muka yi waiwaye muka duba yadda al\u2019ummar Hausawa suka gudanar da addininsu na gargajiya, za a ga ba suna sassa\u0199a wani gunki ne su riqa bauta masa ba, a\u2019a, mafi yawancin bautar su ta hanyar tsafi ce. Bauta ta hanyar tsafi tana nufin bauta wa wani aljani da aka \u0257auka yana zaune a wani wuri na daban. Ire-iren wa\u0257annan aljannu an \u0257auka suna zaune ne a wata kwankwamar dutse, ko wata sar\u0199a\u0199\u0199iya, ko wurin wata tsohuwar itaciya, misali kuka ko tsamiya ko marke da sauransu. Ire-iren waxannan wuraren tsafi a \u0199asar Hausa sun ha\u0257a da wurin bautar aljani Tsumburbura wanda aka \u0257auka ya zauna a Dutsin Dala ta Kano da Kaina-Fara-Arnan-Birchi masu bautar aljani \u018aantalle da suka ce yana zaune a cikin Dutsin Birchi ta \u0198aramar Hukumar Kurfi a Jihar Katsina. Arnan Kwatarkwashi kuma suna bauta wa Maiki wanda suka \u0257auka yana<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"hannibal_claim_source":"","hannibal_source_label":"","hannibal_card_color":"blue","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_bluesky_share_type":"","_mastodon_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[3137,210,2451],"tags":[],"verdict":[],"ppma_author":[4417],"class_list":["post-21797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-african-languages","category-analysis","category-hausa"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8R6dE-5Fz","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"authors":[{"term_id":4417,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"bashir-sallau","display_name":"Bashir Sallau","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hawa.png?fit=676%2C437&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21797"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21797\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21800,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21797\/revisions\/21800"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21797"},{"taxonomy":"verdict","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/verdict?post=21797"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=21797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}