{"id":25137,"date":"2025-10-18T08:45:05","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T07:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/?p=25137"},"modified":"2025-10-18T08:47:15","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T07:47:15","slug":"bayani-shin-ya-dace-karbar-harajin-mata-masu-zaman-kansu-karuwai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/bayani-shin-ya-dace-karbar-harajin-mata-masu-zaman-kansu-karuwai\/","title":{"rendered":"BAYANI: Shin ya dace karbar harajin mata masu zaman kansu (\u2018Karuwai\u2019)?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A ranar 30 ga watan Satumba, 2025 gwamnatin Najeriya ta bayyana shirinta na karbar kudaden haraji kan al\u2019ummar kasar ko suna aiki da ya halatta ko akasin haka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wanann ya biyo bayan sanya hannu (assent<\/strong><\/a>) kan wasu kudiran doka har guda hudu a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni,2025 a waniu bangare na kokarin gwamnatin kasar na kawo sauyi a tsarin harkokin kudade na kasar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kafin wadannan dokoki, tsarin karbar haraji ya tsaya ne (relied<\/strong><\/a> ) kan kudaden haraji da ake karba na jama\u2019a da harajin kayayyaki  (VAT) da harajin kamfanoni, hanyar da a tarihance ta mayar da hankali kan hanyoyi da gwamnati ta san da su ko wasu nau\u2019ikan kasuwanci da aka yi masu rijista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sabon tsarin harajin ya  bayyana a cikin dokokin guda hudu (four laws<\/strong><\/a>) da shugaban kasa ya rattaba masu hannu, wato dokar haraji ta (Nigeria Tax Act (2025)) da Dokar hukumar haraji (Nigeria Tax Administration Act) da dokar hukumar tattara haraji ta Najeriya (Nigeria Revenue Service (Establishment) Act) da dokar hadakar cibiyoyin haraji ta (Joint Revenue Board (Establishment) Act).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wannan doka an fitar da ita ne da zummar fadada hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga, ta kuma tabbatar da ganin an aiwatar a dukkanin bangarori da hukuma ta san da su da wadanda ma bata san da su ba. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bayan da shugaban ya fitar da wannan sanarwa sai Taiwo Oyedele, shugaban kwanitin shugaban kasa kan tsare-tsaren na tattalin arziki da sauyin haraji (noted<\/strong><\/a>) ya bayyana cewa wannan sabuwar doka ba ta banbance ba tsakanin nau\u2019ikan aiki da harajin ya hau kansa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sai ya ba da misali (cited<\/strong><\/a>) da mata masu zaman kansu da ake kira \u201cruns girls,\u201d ko \u201ckaruwai\u201d wadanda yace suma za a sanya su cikin wadanda za a karbi haraji a kokarin da Najeriya ke yi na kara neman kudaden shiga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya kara da cewa wannan doka bata banbance ba, wane kasuwanci ko hanyar samun kudade ce \u201chalak\u201d ko \u201charam\u201d ba, abin dubawa shine mutumin kasuwanci yake yi ko wani aiki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karkashin haka ayyukan da suka shafi yin \u2018karuwanci\u2019 suna yin wani aiki ne ana biyansu, wanda a rubuce zaa iya cewa suna wani \u201caiki\u201d ne wanda za a biya masa haraji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karkashin makalar samar da ilimi kan harkokin yada labarai (MIL)  DUBAWA ya duba matsayar harkokin \u2018karuwanci\u2019 a Najeriya , Shin ya halatta a karbi kudin haraji a wajen matan da ke \u2018karuwanci\u2019 ko masu zaman kansu karkashin wannan sabuwar dokar haraji a Najeriya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matsayin \u2018karuwai\u2019 a karkashin doka a Najeriya<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A Najeriya halaccin yin \u2018karuwanci\u2019 abu  ne da ke da sarkakiya ya kuma banbanta daga wani waje zuwa wani a Najeriya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duk da cewa binciken DUBAWA ya gano cewa babu wata doka a matakin tarayya (Federal Law<\/strong><\/a>) da ta haramta yin karuwanci amma a matakin jiha akwai mabanbantan dokoki, haka nan akwai haramcin a wasu dokoki na kudanci da arewacin Najeriya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tsarin shari\u2019a guda biyu a Najeriya ya sake sanyawa lamarin ya zama mai rikitarwa. A Najeriya ana bin tsarin doka na bai daya da ake kira (common law) da ke kula da harkokin tarayya da na jiha, sai kuma tsarin shari\u2019ar Musulinci wacce ake amfani da ita a jihohi da dama na arewacin Najeriya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wannan gambiza na tsarin addinai a Najeriya na nufin abin da ake yi a wani bangare ba shi ne ake yi ba a wani bangaren ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A aikace wadannan dokokin laifi kamar (Criminal Code<\/strong><\/a>) a Kudancin Najeriya da tsarin dokokin lafi na (Penal Code<\/strong><\/a>) a arewacin Najeriya sun bayyana \u2018karuwanci\u2019 da zama laifi, wanda ya hadar da ajiye gidan \u2018karuwai\u2019 da kawalci da sanya wata \u2018karuwanci\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

dukkaninsu sun mayar da \u2018karuwanci\u2019 a yankunansu ya zama haram ko abu na laifi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Domin fahimtar yadda wannan lamari zai shafi harkar karbar harajin, DUBAWA ya tattauna da Francis Ochie wani lauya a jami\u2019ar Veritas University, Abuja. Yace karuwanci har kawo yanzu laifi ne karkashin dokar Najeriya duk da cewa aiwatar da dokar na fuskantar tasgaro sau tari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTa fuskar doka, \u2018karuwanci\u2019 haramun ne, haka kawai ba za a ce wani ya biya haraji ba saboda ya aikata wani laifi,\u201d a cewarsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Abin da muka gani a zahiri shine mahukunta na neman kawar da kai ne su kalli abin a matsayin wani karamin abu a cikin al\u2019umma. Amma wannan ba zai sauya matsayinsa ba a dokance.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Francis ya kara da cewa duk da cewa ba a fara aiwatar da sabuwar dokar ba, idan aka aiwatar nan gaba za a iya fuskantar fafatawa ta fuskar shari\u2019a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIdan aka aiwatar da dokar babu makawa za a fafata akanta a kotu, mutane za su kalubalancenta a matsayin yi masu kutse a hakkinsu na dan Adam, kuma su ce ana karbar harajin kan abin da ke zama haramun a kasa,\u201d a cewarsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matsayarsa dai ta tsaya ne ga batun dokar da ta shafi aikata laifi wacce ta haramta yin \u2018karuwanci\u2019, su kuwa dokokin na haraji sun mayar da hankali ne wajen shigar kudade ba tare da sanin ina ne asalinsu ba,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. \u201cIdan gwamnati ta jajirce cewa sai ta karbi haraji kan masu sana\u2019ar \u2018karuwanci\u2019, to watakila kotu za ta shigo anan don tabbatar da cewa shi harajin yana bin tsarin doka ko kuwa zai sauya sana\u2019ar da ake kallo a matsayin haram ce,\u201d abin da ya fadi kenan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shi kuwa Peter Ineke, wani lauya a ofishin lauyoyi na Goldman Satchette Solicitors, ya bayyana wata mahanga ce da ta dan banbanta da wannan. Ya bayyana cewa a kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya na 1999 babu inda kai tsaye yace \u2018karuwanci\u2019 laifi ne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dMaimakon haka, menene ke zama laifi karkashin sashi na 223 na tsarin dokar ta (Criminal Code) shine janyowa da dauka da tilastawa ko jan hankalin mace ko yarinya zuwa ga aikata \u2018karuwanci\u2019 ko a kaisu ga aikin na \u2018karuwanci\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTa fuskar shari\u2019a kundin tsarin mulkin kasa kai tsaye bai ce \u2018karuwanci\u2019 laifi ba ne, abin da ke zama laifi shine janyo mutum ya shiga \u2018karuwancin\u2019 musamman kananan yara, don haka a kudancin Najeriya idan wata mace ta zabi gudanar da aikin \u2018karuwanci\u2019 wannan bai sabawa tanadin dokar ba, \u201c kamar yadda ya bayyana.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duk da haka Peter yayi gargadin cewa wannan kuma bai ba da dama ta mayar da \u2018karuwanci\u2019 ya zama halastaccen kasuwanci ba. \u201cDokar ba lallai tace wani da ya aikata \u2018karuwanci\u2019 yayi laifi ba idan a radin kansa ya zabi yayi hakan,, amma aikata hakan ba zaa ce yana da kariya ba karkashin doka., har yanzu ana aikata shi ba cikin halsci ba.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A arewacin Najeriya kuwa lamarin a bayyane yake kasancewar a dokar Penal Code a wasu lokutan a dokar Shari\u2019ar Musulinci ta bayyana karara cewa wanda ya aikata \u2018karuwanci\u2019 zai iya fuskantar hukunci da ya hadar da kakaba masa tara ko zama a gidan kaso ko yin bulala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wannan ne ya nuna banbancin da ke akwai a wasu wuraren aikin \u2018karuwanci\u2019 za a iya karba a wasu yankunan kuma ba za a taba karbar sa ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shin za a iya karbar haraji daga kudaden da aka samu ta hanyar haram?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Karbar haraji a Najeriya ana yinsa ne karkashin doka, a Najeriya kamar dokar da ta tanadi karbar haraji daga daidaikun mutane Personal Income Tax Act (PITA)<\/strong><\/a>. Karkashin wannan doka ana mayar da hankali ne kan  ko mutum ya samu kudin shiga maimakon ta yaya mutum ya samu kudaden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taiwo Oyedele na nufin wannan a lokacin da yake cewa sabuwar dokar harajin \u2018ba ta da shamaki\u201d tsakanin kudaden da aka same su ta halastacciyar hanya da kudaden da aka samu ta haram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A rubuce anan ana iya cewa kudin da aka samu ta hanayr da bata dace ba kamar yin \u2018karuwanci\u2019 da fasakauri da zamba ta intanet za a iya cewa kudade ne da za a cire haraji a cikinsu domin suma kudade ne da aka samu bayan wani aiki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Domin fahimtar ko kudade da aka samu ta haramtacciyar hanya ana iya karbar haraji daga cikinsu Francis, yace karkashin doka a Najeriya kudade da suka shigo ba tare da duba inda suka fito ba za a dauki haraji daga cikinsu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A bisa tsarin kundin mulkin Najeriya kowa dole ya bayyana kudinsa na hakika ga mahukunta, babu a inda kundin tsarin mulki ya ware wasu kudade da ke shigarwa mutane ko da kuwa inda suka fito ba masu kyau ba ne, a cewarsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKalmar anan ita ce kudin shiga ba tare da tantancewa ba na haram ko halak; abin da doka tace kudaden da suka shiga aljihun jama\u2019a ko asusu za a cire masu haraji, bata banbance ba ta ina ne kudaden aka samo su.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Francis ya kara da cewa duk da cewa a rubuce doka ta ba da damar karbar haraji cewa a karba daga duk inda kudade suke, aiwatarwar shine wani abu na daban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA bisa tsari kudade da aka samu daga kudaden da suka saba ka\u2019ida ko na haram za a cire masu haraji, sai dai aiwatar da karbar yana zama abu mai wwahala,\u201d a jawabinsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dMutumin da ke karbar haraji abin da ke gabansa kawai shine kudin shiga, cewa kudin halak ne ko haram ya barwa \u2018yansanda da kotu su tantance,\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya kara da cewa irin wadannan wurare sune ake aza ayar tambaya a kansu, idan an zo bayani , \u201cMahukuntan su ke bayyana dokar yadda suka fahimta, yayin da su kuma wadanda za su biya harajin suke kallonta ta wata fuska ta daban. A karashe dai abu ne da za a barwa kotu ta dauki mataki,\u201da cewar Francis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bayanin da ya gabatar ya fayyace muhimman abubuwa da ake takaddama a Najeriya idan ana maganar ta haraji, yayin da dokar harajin da ake karba ta mutane Personal Income Tax Act (PITA)<\/strong><\/a> ta mayar da hankali kan kudaden da ke shigarwa mutane, akwai kuma dokoki na Najeriya da ke cewa wasu ayyukan da ake don samun kudaden haramun ne  duk kuwa da cewa ayyukan na samar da kudade ga harajin na kasa.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farfagabar ita ce abin da ke na zahiri da halastattun tambayoyi cewa ta yaya ne mahukunta za su tunkari mutane da ke samun kudade wadanda hanyar samun kudaden nasu ta zama ba ta gaskiya ba don karbar kudaden na haraji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Karshe <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

DUBAWA ya fahimci cewa akwai kwan-gaba-kwan-baya ga batun harajin na Najeriya da dokoki, da ke kan wasu ayyuka na laifii, don haka akwai bukatar gwamnati ta warware sarkakiyar da ke akwai  cikin dokokin kasar kafin batun kakaba wa mata masu zaman kansu haraji. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A ranar 30 ga watan Satumba, 2025 gwamnatin Najeriya ta bayyana shirinta na karbar kudaden haraji kan al\u2019ummar kasar ko suna aiki da ya halatta ko akasin haka. Wanann ya biyo bayan sanya hannu (assent) kan wasu kudiran doka har guda hudu a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni,2025 a waniu bangare na kokarin gwamnatin kasar na kawo sauyi a tsarin harkokin kudade na kasar. Kafin wadannan dokoki, tsarin karbar haraji ya tsaya ne (relied ) kan kudaden haraji da ake karba na jama\u2019a da harajin kayayyaki  (VAT) da harajin kamfanoni, hanyar da a tarihance ta mayar da hankali kan hanyoyi da gwamnati ta san da su ko wasu nau\u2019ikan kasuwanci da aka yi masu rijista. Sabon tsarin harajin ya  bayyana a cikin dokokin guda hudu (four laws) da shugaban kasa ya rattaba masu hannu, wato dokar haraji ta (Nigeria Tax Act (2025)) da Dokar hukumar haraji (Nigeria Tax Administration Act) da dokar hukumar tattara haraji ta Najeriya (Nigeria Revenue Service (Establishment) Act) da dokar hadakar cibiyoyin haraji ta (Joint Revenue Board (Establishment) Act). Wannan doka an fitar da ita ne da zummar fadada hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga, ta kuma tabbatar da ganin an aiwatar a dukkanin bangarori da hukuma ta san da su da wadanda ma bata san da su ba.  Bayan da shugaban ya fitar da wannan sanarwa sai Taiwo Oyedele, shugaban kwanitin shugaban kasa kan tsare-tsaren na tattalin arziki da sauyin haraji (noted) ya bayyana cewa wannan sabuwar doka ba ta banbance ba tsakanin nau\u2019ikan aiki da harajin ya hau kansa. Sai ya ba da misali (cited) da mata masu zaman kansu da ake kira \u201cruns girls,\u201d ko \u201ckaruwai\u201d wadanda yace suma za a sanya su cikin wadanda za a karbi haraji a kokarin da Najeriya ke yi na kara neman kudaden shiga. Ya kara da cewa wannan doka bata banbance ba, wane kasuwanci ko hanyar samun kudade ce \u201chalak\u201d ko \u201charam\u201d ba, abin dubawa shine mutumin kasuwanci yake yi ko wani aiki. Karkashin haka ayyukan da suka shafi yin \u2018karuwanci\u2019 suna yin wani aiki ne ana biyansu, wanda a rubuce zaa iya cewa suna wani \u201caiki\u201d ne wanda za a biya masa haraji. Karkashin makalar samar da ilimi kan harkokin yada labarai (MIL)  DUBAWA ya duba matsayar harkokin \u2018karuwanci\u2019 a Najeriya , Shin ya halatta a karbi kudin haraji a wajen matan da ke \u2018karuwanci\u2019 ko masu zaman kansu karkashin wannan sabuwar dokar haraji a Najeriya. Matsayin \u2018karuwai\u2019 a karkashin doka a Najeriya A Najeriya halaccin yin \u2018karuwanci\u2019 abu  ne da ke da sarkakiya ya kuma banbanta daga wani waje zuwa wani a Najeriya. Duk da cewa binciken DUBAWA ya gano cewa babu wata doka a matakin tarayya (Federal Law) da ta haramta yin karuwanci amma a matakin jiha akwai mabanbantan dokoki, haka nan akwai haramcin a wasu dokoki na kudanci da arewacin Najeriya. Tsarin shari\u2019a guda biyu a Najeriya ya sake sanyawa lamarin ya zama mai rikitarwa. A Najeriya ana bin tsarin doka na bai daya da ake kira (common law) da ke kula da harkokin tarayya da na jiha, sai kuma tsarin shari\u2019ar Musulinci wacce ake amfani da ita a jihohi da dama na arewacin Najeriya. Wannan gambiza na tsarin addinai a Najeriya na nufin abin da ake yi a wani bangare ba shi ne ake yi ba a wani bangaren ba. A aikace wadannan dokokin laifi kamar (Criminal Code) a Kudancin Najeriya da tsarin dokokin lafi na (Penal Code) a arewacin Najeriya sun bayyana \u2018karuwanci\u2019 da zama laifi, wanda ya hadar da ajiye gidan \u2018karuwai\u2019 da kawalci da sanya wata \u2018karuwanci\u2019. dukkaninsu sun mayar da \u2018karuwanci\u2019 a yankunansu ya zama haram ko abu na laifi. Domin fahimtar yadda wannan lamari zai shafi harkar karbar harajin, DUBAWA ya tattauna da Francis Ochie wani lauya a jami\u2019ar Veritas University, Abuja. Yace karuwanci har kawo yanzu laifi ne karkashin dokar Najeriya duk da cewa aiwatar da dokar na fuskantar tasgaro sau tari. \u201cTa fuskar doka, \u2018karuwanci\u2019 haramun ne, haka kawai ba za a ce wani ya biya haraji ba saboda ya aikata wani laifi,\u201d a cewarsa. \u201c Abin da muka gani a zahiri shine mahukunta na neman kawar da kai ne su kalli abin a matsayin wani karamin abu a cikin al\u2019umma. Amma wannan ba zai sauya matsayinsa ba a dokance.\u201d Francis ya kara da cewa duk da cewa ba a fara aiwatar da sabuwar dokar ba, idan aka aiwatar nan gaba za a iya fuskantar fafatawa ta fuskar shari\u2019a.  \u201cIdan aka aiwatar da dokar babu makawa za a fafata akanta a kotu, mutane za su kalubalancenta a matsayin yi masu kutse a hakkinsu na dan Adam, kuma su ce ana karbar harajin kan abin da ke zama haramun a kasa,\u201d a cewarsa. Matsayarsa dai ta tsaya ne ga batun dokar da ta shafi aikata laifi wacce ta haramta yin \u2018karuwanci\u2019, su kuwa dokokin na haraji sun mayar da hankali ne wajen shigar kudade ba tare da sanin ina ne asalinsu ba, . \u201cIdan gwamnati ta jajirce cewa sai ta karbi haraji kan masu sana\u2019ar \u2018karuwanci\u2019, to watakila kotu za ta shigo anan don tabbatar da cewa shi harajin yana bin tsarin doka ko kuwa zai sauya sana\u2019ar da ake kallo a matsayin haram ce,\u201d abin da ya fadi kenan. Shi kuwa Peter Ineke, wani lauya a ofishin lauyoyi na Goldman Satchette Solicitors, ya bayyana wata mahanga ce da ta dan banbanta da wannan. Ya bayyana cewa a kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya na 1999 babu inda kai tsaye yace \u2018karuwanci\u2019 laifi ne.  \u201dMaimakon haka, menene ke zama laifi karkashin sashi na 223 na tsarin dokar ta (Criminal Code) shine janyowa da dauka da tilastawa ko jan hankalin mace ko yarinya zuwa ga aikata \u2018karuwanci\u2019 ko a kaisu ga aikin na \u2018karuwanci\u2019.\u201d \u201cTa fuskar shari\u2019a kundin tsarin mulkin kasa kai tsaye bai ce \u2018karuwanci\u2019 laifi ba ne, abin da ke zama laifi shine janyo mutum ya shiga \u2018karuwancin\u2019 musamman kananan yara, don haka a kudancin Najeriya idan wata mace ta zabi gudanar da aikin \u2018karuwanci\u2019 wannan bai sabawa tanadin dokar ba, \u201c kamar yadda ya bayyana.   Duk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"hannibal_claim_source":"","hannibal_source_label":"","hannibal_card_color":"blue","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"default","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_bluesky_share_type":"","_mastodon_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[3137,2451],"tags":[],"verdict":[],"ppma_author":[3822,3803],"class_list":["post-25137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-african-languages","category-hausa"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8R6dE-6xr","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"authors":[{"term_id":3822,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"amarachi-onwuzulike","display_name":"Amarachi Onwuzulike","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","job_title":"","description":""},{"term_id":3803,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"mohammed-taoheed","display_name":"Mohammed Taoheed","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-09-at-3.10.32-PM.png?fit=611%2C338&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25137"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25138,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25137\/revisions\/25138"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25137"},{"taxonomy":"verdict","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/verdict?post=25137"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=25137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}