{"id":606,"date":"2017-10-18T18:01:39","date_gmt":"2017-10-18T17:01:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/?p=606"},"modified":"2019-08-26T17:42:11","modified_gmt":"2019-08-26T16:42:11","slug":"buharis-claim-boko-haram-not-holding-territory-nigeria-exaggerated","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/buharis-claim-boko-haram-not-holding-territory-nigeria-exaggerated\/","title":{"rendered":"Buhari\u2019s claim that Boko Haram \u2018not holding any territory\u2019 in Nigeria exaggerated"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nigeria\u2019s President Muhammadu Buhari claimed recently that militant Islamist group Boko Haram have been driven into \u201cfall-back positions\u201d and are \u201ccurrently not holding any territory<\/a>\u201d in the country.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Mr. Buhari was\u00a0speaking during a meeting<\/a>\u00a0last month with United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. His comments came just weeks after he claimed that Nigeria had \u201ctechnically won the war<\/a>\u201d against Boko Haram, which in July 2014 had moved on from staging ad-hoc guerrilla-style attacks on security forces to seeking, and gaining, control of large swathes of Nigerian territory.<\/p>\n

For Mr. Buhari, a victory over Boko Haram is key to meeting promises that formed a cornerstone of the election campaign that swept him to power last year.<\/p>\n

Boko Haram \u2018technically defeated\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

The militant group\u2019s deadly six-year insurgency in Nigeria\u2019s northeast is estimated to have cost the lives of\u00a0between 13,000 and 17,000<\/a>\u00a0people, led to hundreds of homes, businesses and schools being destroyed and forced more than 1.5 million people to flee for their lives.<\/p>\n

Soon after winning the election in April, Mr. Buhari set an ambitious December deadline to achieve victory over Boko Haram. Two days before Christmas, his information minister, Lai Mohammed, told reporters that he could \u201cconfidently\u201d say that \u201cthe war against Boko Haram is largely won<\/a>\u201c.<\/p>\n

In an interview with the BBC, Mr. Buhari said Boko Haram were \u201ctechnically defeated<\/a>\u201c. Forty-eight hours later a wave of attacks by female suicide bombers claimed the lives of more than\u00a050 people in northeastern Nigeria<\/a>.<\/p>\n

So is Mr. Buhari\u2019s claim that the militants no longer hold any territory in Nigeria correct? What does it mean for the battle against the group?<\/p>\n

From guerrilla attacks to seeking a \u2018caliphate\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Launched in 2009 with a wave of guerrilla-style attacks on the security forces, Boko Haram\u2019s efforts to establish an Islamic state or caliphate in north-eastern Nigeria gained momentum in July 2014 with\u00a0a rapid advance through vast swathes of territory<\/a>\u00a0in Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa states. By January 2015, the group had pushed out government forces and controlled four towns in Borno and Yobe states \u2013 Gwoza, Bama, Baga, and Gulani \u2013 an area spanning about 51,800 km\u00b2.<\/p>\n

According to\u00a0a report<\/a>\u00a0published by the\u00a0Nigeria Security Network<\/a>\u00a0in March 2015, Borno State was the worst affected with as much as 70 per cent of its territory annexed by Boko Haram.<\/p>\n

Renewed offensives by the Nigerian military, aided by\u00a0South African mercenaries<\/a>, saw \u201c[m]ost of the towns captured during Boko Haram\u2019s recent offensive\u2026 re-taken [by March 2015], including Baga, Bama, Gamboru Ngala, Goniri, Dikwa, Buni Yadi , Marte, and Madagali\u201d.<\/p>\n

The only major hold-out was\u00a0Gwoza<\/a>, a town in a mountainous region near the Cameroonian border in north-eastern Nigeria that Boko Haram militants had claimed as the headquarters of the caliphate.<\/p>\n

In late March, a day before the country\u2019s presidential elections, the\u00a0Nigerian military said it had recaptured the town<\/a>. But those claims were called into question last month. Philemon Emmanuel, described as the chairman of an internally displaced persons\u2019 camp, told journalists on January 6 that \u201cGwoza and other towns within the area\u00a0were still under the control of Boko Haram<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Villages in Borno state still\u00a0occupied<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00a0community leader in\u00a0Bama<\/a>, Ibrahim Bukar, told\u00a0Africa Check<\/em>\u00a0that claims that all areas of Borno state had been liberated from Boko Haram \u201care an exaggeration.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are not yet back to our local government,\u201d Mr. Bukar, who now resides in Maiduguri \u2013 the state capital \u2013 said. \u201cApart from the Damaturu-Maiduguri road, there is no other road a civilian can travel without any problem. The army will not even allow us to go to Bama, on our own, they\u2019ll tell us to wait for their truck.\u201d<\/p>\n

A former resident of the market town of Gamboru-Ngala in Borno, Muhammad Awwal, said Boko Haram still hold some villages in the state. \u201cMy source in Gwoza told me Boko Haram is gathering around Ngoshe and Ashigashiya, all in Gwoza [district],\u201d Mr. Awwal said.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn Kala-Balge, there are some parts which are still not liberated. In my local government too, there are places like Zanari up to Bulgaram still occupied by Boko Haram.\u201d Mr. Awwal also claimed that villages in the Monguno district such as Zuma Kuwon and Lahadin Bida were still under Boko Haram control.<\/p>\n

The caretaker chairman of Gwoza local government, Ibrahim Abba,\u00a0told\u00a0Africa Check<\/em>\u00a0that Boko Haram fighters were still present about 6 km from Gwoza township.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur major problem now is access road to Gwoza township (from Maiduguri) and Pulka (from Adamawa State). Our people going to market Limankara\u00a0 (about 13 km from Gwoza) use army escorts. The army have not given us permission to move on our own.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mr. Abba \u2013 who fled Boko Haram\u2019s advance and now lives in Maiduguri \u2013 also told Africa Check that out of the 13 wards that make up Gwoza, there is no military presence in six.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are still appealing to the Nigerian army to move there. Boko Haram boys are there disturbing our people. It is only the Cameroonian army that reach there, and and when they get there, they do not differentiate between our people and Boko Haram \u2013 they clear everybody.\u201d<\/p>\n

In addition, the Nigerian military has\u00a0yet to dislodge Boko Haram fighters<\/a>\u00a0from a stronghold in the 60,000 km\u00b2 Sambisa Forest in Borno.<\/p>\n

‘Operational bases but not governing any areas\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

A security analyst and member of the Nigeria Security Network, Ryan Cummings, said Mr. Buhari\u2019s claim that Boko Haram was not holding any territory was \u201cdifficult to assess because there is just no independent reporting from rural, northeastern Nigeria, specifically Borno state where a lot of the violence takes place\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn recent days, the Nigerian military has claimed to have dislodged Boko Haram from within local government areas which dilutes the credence of claims that all areas have been recaptured.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt revolves around how you define whether a territory is being held. There is a fair claim to be made that Boko Haram isn\u2019t governing any areas but they do have operational bases within rural north-eastern Nigeria,\u201d Mr.\u00a0 Cummings said.<\/p>\n

Conclusion: Buhari\u2019s claim that Boko Haram \u201care not holding any territory\u201d is exaggerated<\/strong><\/p>\n

While Boko Haram appear to have been driven from most major population centres, there is evidence that they still hold territory and have operational bases in some remote rural areas such as the Sambisa Forest. There are also claims by displaced residents that the militants remain active in remote areas like Gwoza and Monguno.<\/p>\n

Mr. Buhari\u2019s assertion that Boko Haram have \u201ctechnically\u201d been defeated has also been criticised by some analysts as the \u201cdefeat that never was<\/a>\u201c.<\/p>\n

The Nigerian government has effectively sought to equate loss of territory by Boko Haram with defeat. \u201cThe capture of territory by Boko Haram lasted only about six months in the six-year long insurgency,\u201d Mr. Cummings said. \u201cIt appears that they are not looking to capture any more territory at the moment because it is such a resource heavy exercise to do so.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is\u00a0always a bad idea for the leaders of countries to declare highly active terrorist groups dead<\/a>,\u201d Max Abrahms, assistant professor of political science at Northeastern University in Boston, told AFP. \u201cHistory shows that terrorist groups are extraordinarily difficult to snuff out once they have reached a critical mass. The truth is that terrorism is very easy to perpetrate.\u201d<\/p>\n

Historically, Boko Haram\u2019s strategy has not centred on territorial control or conventional military operations but hit-and-run guerilla-warfare tactics and suicide bombings that terrorise and demoralise.<\/p>\n

While it appears that Boko Haram are no longer governing key areas and cannot launch conventional military attacks, their insurgency remains deadly. The recent spate of suicide bombings that have left dozens dead and injured is evidence of this.<\/p>\n

While Buhari would probably have been correct if he had claimed that Boko Haram are no longer governing any territory or holding major towns, his claim that they are \u201cnot holding any territory\u201d at all is exaggerated. The conflict appears far from over.<\/p>\n

Edited by Julian Rademeyer<\/em><\/p>\n

This fact-check was done by our partner, Africa Check, a non-partisan organisation which promotes accuracy in public debate and the media. We have its permission to republish. Follow the organisation on Twitter at @AfricaCheck or visit its website at www.africacheck.org<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nigeria\u2019s President Muhammadu Buhari claimed recently that militant Islamist group Boko Haram have been driven into \u201cfall-back positions\u201d and are \u201ccurrently not holding any territory\u201d in the country.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":607,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"hannibal_claim_source":"","hannibal_source_label":"","hannibal_card_color":"blue","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_bluesky_share_type":"","_mastodon_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[119],"tags":[76,60,75],"verdict":[],"ppma_author":[873],"class_list":["post-606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-security","tag-boko-haram","tag-nigeria","tag-president-muhammadu-buhari"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8R6dE-9M","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"authors":[{"term_id":873,"user_id":10,"is_guest":0,"slug":"dubawa","display_name":"Dubawa","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f70a877f6d81734de0ca299eabb33d20687f41f5a4cb83ae8d754fc9412ee293?s=96&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","job_title":"","description":"Strengthening Investigative Journalism for the fight against corruption in Nigeria."}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/President-Muhammadu-Buhari.jpg?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=606"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/606\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=606"},{"taxonomy":"verdict","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/verdict?post=606"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubawa.org\/dir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}