Cikakken Sakon
A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta,2024 Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ayyana (declared) Mpox,da a baya aka fi sani da suna Kyandar Biri (Monkeypox) a matsayin barazana ga lafiyar al’umma, biyo bayan yadda annobar ta barke a Jamhuriyar Dimukuradiyyar Kwango (DRC) da sauran kasashen duniya.
Wadannan kasashe sun hadar da Burundi da Kamaru da Jamhuriyar Afurka ta Tsakiya da Ghana da Ivory Coast da Kenya da Laberiya da Mozambik da Najeriya da Pakistan da Philiphine da Jamhuriyar Dimukradiyyar Kwango da Ruwanda da Afurka ta Kudu da Sweden da Thailand da Yuganda.
A daidai lokacin da annobar ta barke da dama na ci gaba da kiran cutar “Kyandar Biri” “Monkeypox” ciki kuwa har da rahotanni na labarai da ake yi kamar a nan (here da here,) duk da cewa Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya WHO ta sauya sunan a 2022.
Idan ba a manta ba a watan Nuwamba,2022 Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya WHO ta ba da shawarar (recommended) a rika kiran sunan cutar ta Kyandar Biri Monkeypox da Mpox sai aka ba da wa’adi na shekara guda (Nuwamba. 2022- Nuwamba. 2023) a rika kiran cutar da suna biyu har zuwa lokacin da “monkeypox” ta bace.
Tarihin barkewar Mpox
Kwayar cutar ta Mpox an gano ta ne a kasar Denmark a 1958 a jikin birrai da aka jiye don gudanar da bincike.
Karon farko da aka fara samun wannan cuta a jikin dan Adam a jikin wani yaro ne dan watanni tara a Jamhuriyar Dimukradiyyar Kwango a 1970.
Tsakanin 1981 da 1986 an samu wadanda suka kamu da cutar ta monkeypox su (37 documented) a Jamuhuriyar Dimukradiyyar Kwango da ake kira Zaire a baya. An samu rahotanni mafi yawa na wannan cuta a yankin tsakanin watan Fabrairu 1996 da 1997.
A shekarar 2003 a Amurka barkewar cutar da aka samu na da alaka da wata dabba (Clade II) da aka shiga da ita kasar
Tun daga 2005 dubban mutane ne aka ba da rahoton suna kamuwa da cutar duk shekara a Jamhuriyar Dimukradiyyar Kwango. A shekarar 2017 Mpox ta sake bayyana a Najeriya inda take ci gaba da bazuwa (spread) a tsakanin al’umma, da kasashe da matafiya wadanda ke tafiya sassa daban-daban na duniya har sai a 2021.
Mpox ta sake bayyana tsakanin 2022 da 2023 abin da ya sanya ta zama cutar da ta bazu a sassa na duniya sama da 110 (affected over 110 countries.) wannan bazuwa ta faru ne saboda yadda ake samun cutar tsakanin mutum da mutum ta hanyar saduwa, a wannan lokacin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya WHO ta ba da rahoton cutar da ta kama mutane sama da 90,000 sannan aka samu 150 da suka rasu.
Tun daga 2022 annobar ta cutar Mpox da ake samu daga dangin birrai (MPXV) clade IIb ta zama barazana ga duniya.. Wannan ya faru a kasashe da dama na Afurka har ma da wadanda ba su da cutar ta Mpox.
Meye dalilin sauya sunan?
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya WHO karkashin shirin karkasa aji-aji na cutittika (ICD) da shirin karkasa aji-aji na cutika tsakanin kasa da kasa suke da alhaki na sanya sunan cuta su sabunta koma ma wanda dama da shi, bayan tattaunawa da kasashe mambobi a hukumar ta WHO.
Lokacin barkewar cutar a 2022. WHO ta lura da alamun nuna wariyar launin fata da kyara ko kyama da ake dangantawa da sunan na “monkeypox”, ta lura da hakan a shafukan sada zumunta da wasu yankuna, An dai ja hankalin hukumar daga bangarori da dama da suka hadar da na gwamnatoci da daidaikun jama’a da wasu kasashe kan bukatar a sauya sunan.
A 2015 WHO da hadin gwiwar hukumar da ke lura da lafiyar dabbobi ta duniya (OIE) da Shirin samar da abinci na duniya (FAO) sun lalubo sabbin hanyoyi da dabarun yadda ake rada suna ga cutika ta yadda za a rage illar da sunayen kan haifar ga harkoki na kasuwanci da tafiye-tafiye da yawon bude idanu ko walwalar dabbobi don gudun batanci ga kowace al’ada da zamantakewa da kasa da yanki da wani rukunin kwararru ko wani yare na al’umma.
Ganin an sanya wa wannan cuta sunan monkeypox a 1970 kafin fitar da tsarin yadda ake nada sunayen cutikan na WHO da ci gaban da aka samu a tsarin ICD sai aka gudanar da tuntuba inda aka tattaro kwararru da kasashe da sauran al’umma don su ba da shawarwari kan sabon sunan.
Dalilin haka ne sai WHO ta ba da wadannan shawarwari;
- A dauki sabon sunada zai kamanceceniya na kuma harshen Igilishi wato Mpox don wannan cuta.
- Mpox shi aka ga yafi dacewa wanda zai maye gurbin monkeypox bayan da aka dauki shekara guda ta kokarin sauya sunan don gudun kada a shiga rudani a samu isasshen lokaci na sabunta shirin ICD da gyare-gyare kan abubuwan da WHO ta wallafa.
- Sunan na Mpox za a shigar da shi a tsarin ICD -10 da aka sabunta a shafin intanet ya kuma kasance cikin sunayen da za a fitar a 2023 na ICD-11.
- “monkeypox” za a ci gaba da ganinta a intanet yayin gudanar da binciken bayanai na tarihi.
IIa and IIb. Nau’in wannan cuta duka kuma an sake masu suna renamed kamar na yankin kogin Congo da ( Afurka ta Tsakiya) wato daga Clade zuwa (Clade One) sannan Clade daga Afurka ta Yamma zuwa Clade (II) an kuma aminta cewa ajin na Clade II na da kaso gida biyu: IIa da IIb.