Cikakken bayani
Da ‘yan makwanni kalilan kafin karshen mulkinsa, shugaba Muhammadu Buhari da jami’an gwamnatinsa, na cigaba da bayyana abubuwan da a ra’ayinsu su ne manyan nassarorin da gwamnatin ta sa ta yi, yayin da a waje guda kuma su ke kokarin kwaskware wasu daga cikin himmomin da suka yi kafin barin karagar mulkin.
Ranar 26 ga watan Afrilun 2023, Majalisar Zartarwar Kasar FEC ta sanar da amincewar da ta yi da ani shirin da wa’adinsa ke tsakanin 2022 da 2026 wanda zai habaka ya kuma kare hakkin dan adam a Najeriya.
Da ya ke jawabi a taron, antoni janar kuma ministan shari’ar kasar Abubakar Malami ya ce gwamnatin Buhari ta amince da shirin ne a wani mataki na mutunta shari’r Hukumar Kula da Hakkin Dan Adam Ta Kasa (NHRC) da ma biyan diyyan Nera miliyan 135 ga iyalan wadanda aka kashe ranar 18 ga watan Satumban 2013, a abun da aka fi sani da Apo-Six Killings ko kuma kissar mutane 6 a Apo.
“Idan ba ku manta ba, gwamnatin shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ta kafa tarihi da kasancewarta gwamnatin farko a tarihin kasar da ta taba yin la’akari da yunkuri da ma aiwatar da hukuncin da Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil adama ta yanke,” a cewar ministan.
Ministan wanda ya ambaci rahoton Kwamitin Tabbatar da Tsaron ‘yan Jarida na CPJ ya ce Najeriya ce kadai kasar Afirkar da a shekarar 2022 ta yi la’akari da duka sharuddan da aka gindaya na kare hakkokin ‘yan jarida.
Ya kuma cigaba da zargin cewa babu dan jaridar da ya mutu a Najeriya a karkashin gwamnatin Buhari saboda dalilan da ke da nasaba da aikin shi/ta.
“Kuna kuma sane da yadda kwamitin kare ‘yan jarida wanda kwamitin kasa da kasa ne, ya ce Najeriya ce kadat kasar Afirkar da a bara ta mutunta sharruddan kare hakkokin ‘yan jarida bisa la’akari da cewa babu dan jaridar da ya mutu a kasar sakamakon wani abun da ke da danganta da aikin su.”
Wannan furucin na sa ya zo ne yayin da ake samun zarge-zarge na laifukan da suka shafi takke hakkin dan adam a bangaren gwamnatin Najeriya da ma kuntatawa ‘yan jarida, ta hanyar hannu su wallafa irin labaran da su ke so su wallafa a kasar.
Zargin farko (1): Mr Malami ya ce Najeriya ce kadai kasar Afirkar da a 2022 ta cika tandin sharuddan kare ‘yan jarida bisa la’akari da rahoton CPJ.
Tantancewa
A wata sanarwa ranar juma’a CPJ ta karyata zargin Malami, inda a cewar ta ministan bai fassara sakamakon rahotin daidai ba da ya zo amfani da shi wajen gabatar da matsayarsa. Shugabar shirin CPJ na Afirka, Angela Quintal, ta ci Allah wadai da sanarwar ministan inda ita ma ta ce “binciken CPJ dangane da ‘yancin ‘yan jarida a Najeriya, mai nuna shekarun da aka shafe ana cin zarafin masu dauko labarai – har da kissa – ya sabawa kalaman Antoni Janar, kuma ministan shari’a Abubakar Malami dangane da halin da ‘yancin walwalar ‘yan jarida ke ciki a kasar. Yadda Malami ya yi amfani da binciken abun ban tsori ne da tausayi ganin yadda ake yawan cin zarafin ‘yan jaridan Najeriya bisa zarginsu da wallafa labaran karya”
Kungiyar ta kuma ce ministan ba daidai ya ke amfani da bayanan binciken ba a duk lokutan da ya riga ya yi amfani da su domin yana ikirarin cewa gwamnatin Najeriya na kula da ‘yan jaridar yadda ya kamata.
Bayanai daga binciken da aka samu daga shafin Press Attack Tracker ya tabbatar da abun da ‘yan jaridan Najeriyar ke fuskanta. Shafin binciken wadda cibiyar ‘yan jarida na koyon sabbin dabaru da tabbatar da cigaba CIJD ta kirkiro ya nuna cewa ‘yan jarida 52 ne suka fuskanci hare-hare a shekarar 2022 kuma jami’an gwamnati ne yawancin wadanda suka muzgunawa ‘yan jaridar.
Shafin ya kuma cigaba da bayyana cewa a shekaru hudun da suka gabata (2019 – 2022) ‘yan jarida 179 suka fusakanci cin zarafi a Najeriya (wadanda ma aka sani ke nan). Yawancin wadannan hare-haren kuma na zuwa ne da ma’aikatan gwamnati da jami’an tsaro.
Hare-hare sun kama daga harin jiki, kamen da babu gaira babu dalili yawancin wadanda ma basu halatta ba, zuwa kurkuku, barazana, sa ido, hana damar shiga wurare ko samun bayanai, shigar da kara kotu dan hana ‘yan jaridar yin aikinsu yadda ya kamata za hanyar (SLAPPs) kwace kayayyakin aiki, lalata kayayyakin aikin ko kuma ma kissa.
A wannan shekarar, kungiyar Reporters Without Borders, ta bai wa Najeria matsayin 129/180 a cikin jaddawalin kasashen da ke kare ‘yan jarida.
“Najeriya na daya daga cikin kasashe masu hadari da wahala wa masu aikin jarida a yankin yammacin Afirka saboda ana yawan sa mu su ido, kai musu hari, tsare su ba tare da kwararan dalila ba kuma a wasu lokutan har kissa.” rahoton ya bayyana.
Gwamnatin Najeriya ta fuskanci zarge-zarge da dama wadanda ke da nasaba da irin manufofin da ke kasancewa kalubale ga tabbatar da lafiya, da ‘yancin walwalar ‘yan jarida a kasar.
Irin wadannan dokokin sun hada da dokar aikata miyagin ayyuka a yanar gizo wato Cybercrime Act 2015, da dokar da ke hana bata suna Defamation Act, da dokar hana ta’addanci da ta hukumar kula da kafofin yada labarai ta NBC code da kuma dokokin NITDA. Duk wadannan dokoki ne da ake amjani da su wajen hukunta kafofin yada labarai da ‘yan jarida a kai-a kai .Sai dai kuma dokokin sun sabawa dokokin kada da kasa kuma kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil adama su dade suna dukar yadda ake amfani da dokokin.
Misali, kotun ECOWAS ta yanke hukuncin cewa sashe na 24 na dokar miyagun laifuka a yanar gizo ba daidai ya ke da sharudan da aka sani ba dan haka bai halata ba kuma yana bukatar kwaskwarima. Shirin SERAP ne ya shigar da karar, inda ya bayyana cewa kararraki 12 na zargin cin zarafi, fin karfi, tsarewa, kama mutun ba tare da bin tanacin doka ba, shigar da kara kotu da kullewar da ake wa ‘yan jarida a jihohin Najeriya da dama daga watan Agustan shekarar 2015 zuwa Nuwamban 2018 duk an dauka.
To sai dai har yanzu ba’ a kai ga aiwatar da tanadin hukuncin na kotun ECOWAS ba, wanda ya sabawa zargin cewa Najeriya na bin sharudan da aka gindaya na tabbatar da kariyar ‘yan jarida sawu da kafa.
Mun yi kokarin tuntubar Malami mu tambaye shi ko wani rahoton na CPJ ne ya ke ambata, amma bai amsa wayoyinmu ko sakonnin tes din da muka aika masa ba.
Ko da shi ke a watanni hudu na farko na shekarar 2023, kasancewar shi lokacin zabe, binciken farko ya gano cewa akalla ‘yan jarida 45 aka kai wa hari, kuma harin jiki ne adadin da ya fi yawa a cikin wannan alakaluman.
Sakamakon Bincike: Karya! Bisa bayanan da aka wallafa a sahfin Press Attack Tracker wanda ke daukar bayanai dangane da yawan ‘yan jaridan da aka ci zarafi, ‘yan jarida 52 ne aka kai wa hari a Najeriya a shekarar 2022. Bacin haka Malami bai yi amfani da rahoton CPJ daidai ba, bayanin da ya yi ya sabawa sakamakon binciken.
Zargi na biyu (2): “Babu dan jaridar da ya hallaka a Najeriya sakamakon wata matsalar da ke da dangantaka da aikin su” – Mr Malami.
Tantancewa
Wani rahoto na shekarar 2021 wanda Gidauniyar Kafofin Yada Labarai na Afirka ta Yamma (MFWA) ta wallafa tare da hadin giwar kungiyar kwadagon ‘yan jaridar Najeriya NUJ ya ce an kashe ‘yan jarida takwas a karkashin gwamnatin Buhari. Sai dai ba duka 8 din suka hallaka yayin da suke gudanar da aikinsu a matsayin ‘yan jarida ba.
Rahoton ya bayyana cewa, “Misali a shekarar 2017, ‘yan harida hudu suka hallaka a lokuta daban-daban, kuma har yanzu babu wani bincike mai sahihanci dangane da dalilin da ya sa suka hallaka, ko ma dan a gano wadanda suka aikata abun ashan. Su hudun masu daukan hotunan bidiyo ne, wadanda suka hada da daya daga gidan talibijn na jihar Anambra Ikechukwu Onubogu; Lawrence Okojie daga NTA a jihar Edo, edita da gidan rediyon Glory FM da ke jihar Bayelsa, Famous Giobaro da wani dan jarida a jihar Ekiti, Abdul Ganiyu Lawal.
“Wasu karin ‘yan jarida hudu su ma sun hallaka a yanayin da har yanzu ba’a riga an tantance ta hanyar bincike mai sahihanci ba. Kissar da aka yi ranar 22 ga watan Yulin 2019 na Precious Owolabi, wani dan jarida da gidan talibijin din Channels a Abuja yayin da ya ke daukan rahoton zanga-zangar kungiyar IMN ta ‘yan shi’a ya sosa rai sosai.”
Mutuwar Owolabi ta same shi yana bakin aiki. Alex Ogbu wani edita da jaridar Indeoendent, daya daga cikin rassan jaridar Regent Africa Times shi ma ya gamu da ajalinsa ya na bakin aiki lokacin da ya hallaka yayin da yake daukar rahoto na zanga-zanga ranar 21 ga watan Janairu. Duk wadannan sun faru lokacin Buhari na mulki.
A waje guda kuma bayanai daga shafin Press Attack Tracker sun nuna cewa ‘yan jarida 610 a Najeriya aka kai wa hari daga shekarar 1985 zuwa yanzu. A cikin wannan adadin, ‘yan jarida 21 aka kashe a cikin kasar. Dan jaridar da aka fara samun labarin kissansa shi ne Dele Giwa.
Ana iya samu karin bayani dangane da halin rayuwar da wasu daga cikin iyalan da aka kashe musu ‘yan uwa yayin da suke aikin jarida a wannan shafin.
Sakamakon bincike: Zargin cewa babu wani dan jaridan da aka kashe a bakin aikin shi sadda shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ke mulki ba gaskiya ba ne. Akalla lokuta biyu na rubuce yanzu cikin shekaru takwas din da ya shafe yana mulki.
A Karshe
Zargin Malami na cewa Najeriya ce kadai kasar Afirkar da ta bi sharuddan da aka gindaya na kare ‘yan jarida sawu da kafa a shekarar 2022 , da kuma wai babu dan jaridar da ya hallaka a bakin aiki a wannan lokacin ba gaskiya ba ne. Shafin Press Attack Tracker da sauran rahotannin kafofin yada labarai sun nuna cewa har yanzu rayuwar ‘yan jarida na fuskantar hadari.
