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Wadane kwayoyi ne ake kira antibiotics kuma mene ne amfaninsu?
Yayin tattaunawa da wasu ‘yan Najeriya an ga yadda mutane da dama suka dabi”antu da shan magungunan da ake kira antibiotics saboda wasu dalilai. Wasu sun amince da cewa shan irin wadannan magunguna kafin jima’i na jawo daukar lokaci kafin fitar da maniyi.
A baya-bayan nan wani matashi ya mayar min da martani bayan duba abubuwan da nake wallafawa a status a shafina na WhatsApp wanda nake da burin ilimantar da al’umma a dangane da illolin shan magunguna barkatai. Yace yana shan magungunan na Antibiotics saboda ya dauki lokaci kafin yin inzali ko fitar da maniyi lokacin da yake amfani da hannu yana wasa da al’aurarsa kamar mai saduwa da mace.
Yace “To malam ni da nake shan antibiotic lokaci mai tsawo don samun jan lokaci kafin na fitar da maniyi. Wannan na nufin tuni ma na mutu. Ba za ka gane ba bayan shan magungunan na kan dauki lokaci ba tare da na kawo ba.”
Haka kuma wasu daga cikin mata sun bayyana cewa shan kwayoyin na antibiotic na hana daukar ciki (prevent pregnancy) ko ma ya jawo zubar da ciki. Shi kuwa mai wannan bayani ya mayar da hankali ne kan wani abun na daban: Shan kwayoyin antibiotics na kare mutum daga kamuwa da cutar HIV ko da kuwa mutum baya sanya kwaroron roba.
Wani mai amfani da shafin X 604 (@catmoneyes), yayi da’awar (claimed) cewa shan kwayoyin antibiotics na kare mutum daga kamuwa da cutar HIV. Wannan na zama martani ga sakon da Pharaoh (MrMekzy_) ya wallafa inda yake da’awar:
”Wannan ce hanyar da matasa ke amfani da ita a Calabar a matsayin hanyar kariya daga kamuwa da cuta “infection” bayan yin jima’i ba tare da kariya ba ” To me zai faru idan tana da wata babbar cuta?…..”
A wani martani shima daga mai amfani da shafin na X Adeba (@nana_adeba), ya mayar da martani kan amfani da antibiotics bayan yin jima’i inda yace shima yana yi (admitting after unprotected sex. )
Shi kuwa X Badman Jiggy Yo! (@Hozzin1), Wani mai amfani da shafin na X Badman Jiggy Yo! (@Hozzin1) a nasa martani a dangane da yaki da shan magungunan na antibiotics yace: “ina amfani da Ampiclox bayan jima’i…(“I’ll take Ampiclox after sex..”) Wannan ya samu wadanda suka kalla views 1,000.
Antibiotics wasu magunguna ne da ake amfani da su don kashe kwayoyin cuta na bacteria wani lokacin kuma a hana masu girma, ana ba da su a asibiti don magunguna da dama ciki kuwa har da magani da ya shafi hanyar numfashi da mafitsara, idan ta harbu da kwayoyin cuta da cutar fata da cutika da ake kamuwa da su ta sanadiyar saduwa STIs wadanda kwayar cutar ta bacteria ke haddasa su.
Shin magungunan antibiotics na kare mutum daga daukar cutar HIV idan ya sha bayan yin jima’i?
Batun cewa shan kwayoyin antibiotics bayan an yi jima’i na ci gaba da samun karbuwa a tsakanin matasa wadanda ba su da wayewa.
Wannan dabi’a da aka kirkira da wata manufa na zama barazana ga lafiyar daidaikun mutane dama al’umma baki daya.,
Ganin yadda ake ba da bayanai wadanda ba na gaskiya ba kan batun na shan antibiotics, kwararru a fannin lafiya da mutane da suka damu da batun na ci gaba da fadakar da al’umma kan wannan labarai da ke zama na tatsuniya, inda suke fitar da bayanai na hakika kan batun na antibiotics kamar yadda yake a wadannan wurare, here, here, here, da here.
Yayin da mutane da dama suka yi amanna da cewa wasu magungunan antibiotics musamman doxycycline wanda ake cewa yana dakushe kamuwa da kwayoyin cutar sanyi bayan saduwa (bacterial STIs,) ciki kuwa har da cutikan chlamydia, syphilis, da gonorrhoea ga wasu mutanen. Batu na cewa yana kare kamuwa da kwayoyin cutar HIV ba haka ba ne.
Cutar HIV cuta ce da ke yaduwa ta biros (HIV is a viral infection,) sannan shan magungunan antibiotics wadanda aka yi su don yaki da kwayoyin cutar bacteria babu wata hujja da ta nuna cewa suna maganin HIV.
Har ila yau wannan rudani da aka shiga kan batun na antibiotics da HIV na zama barazana ga kokari da ake yi na hanyoyin kare kai na wadanda basu kamu da cutar ba (pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), wadanda aka tanade su musamman don kaucewa kamuwa da cutar PrEP, misali an tsara ba da magunguna kullum-kullum antiretroviral drugs ga mutanen da ake ganin suna fuskantar barazana ta iya kamuwa da kwayoyin cutar, an ga kuma tasirin yin hakan, a kokari na ba da kariya.
A wani kadamin kuma a cewar wasu bayanai da aka tattara kan taswirar cutar mai karya garkuwar jiki, an gano cewa mutanen da ake ba su magunguna don kaucewa kamuwa da cutar ta HIV daya daga cikin goma da aka dora kan wannan layi na amfani da antibiotics, saboda cutiika masu alaa da saduwa, lamarin da ya sake jan hankalin al’umma. ( almost one in ten HIV PrEP users report buying antibiotics for STI prevention, raising concerns over potential antibiotic resistance)
Shin akwai wasu hadarurruka a dangane da shan antibiotics bayan yin jima’i?
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya WHO ta bayyana cewa sabon bincike da aka yi ya nunar da cewa kaso uku na al’umma da ke zaune a kasashe 14 na yankin Turai da WHO ke da idanu kansu suna shan kwayoyin na antibiotics ba tare da jiran umarnin likita ba. (data reveal ) Har ila yau bayanan suka kara da cewa a wasu kasashen sama da kaso 40 cikin dari na magungunan antibiotics ana amfani da su ba tare da jiran umarnin likita ba.
Shan antibiotics barkatai da shansu ba tare da shawarar likita ba, da shan su ba bisa ka’ida ba na jawo tarin matsaloli da suka hadar da kullewar ciki da kumallo da gudawa da ma bijirewa magunguna.
Bijirewa Antibiotic na faruwa ne idan kwayoyin na bacteria suka saba da magnin kashesu sai su sanya maganin ya zama ba shi da wani tasiri wajen kashe cutar, hakan kan jawo a dauki tsawon lokaci ana fama da cuta, da tsadar kula da lafiya da tarin matsaloli ko ayi maganin yaki tasiri ko ma yayi sanadin rasa rai. Shan Antibiotic barkatai da ma shan su ba wani dalili ko aki cika ka’ida ta yawan adadi da aka nemi mutum ya sha wannan na jawowa cutukan su rika bijirewa magungunan yaki da bacteria.
Mai yasa yake da muhimmanci sanin yadda kwayoyin halittar ke bijirewa magunguna (AMR)
Bijirewar kwayoyin halittar Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) babbar barazana ce ga duniyar samar da magungunan antibiotics da antimicrobial. Yana haifar da karuwar cutika da mace-mace da dadewa ana fama da cutika da tsadar kula da lafiya. Rashin bin ka’ida da shan magungunan na antibiotics fiye da kima shi ke jawo AMR abin da ke sawa a fuskanci kalubale wajen maganin bazuwar cutika, lamarin da ke barazana ga harkokin kula da lafiya a zamanance.
AMR kan shafi daidaikun mutane da al’umma da tsarin kula da lafiya a duniya. Ya kan zama kalubale wajen shawo kan matsalolin bazuwar cutika, marasa lafiya su gaza samun mafita da karya gwiwa a kokarin da ake na kula da lafiyar al’umma.
A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), AMR shine musabbabi na jawo rashe-rashen rayuka miliyan daya da dubu dari biyu da saba’in a duk shekara, yayin da ake samun binjirewar (bacteria) ke zama sanadi na kusan mutuwar mutane milyan biyar.
Me nazarce-nazarce ke cewa ne?
Wasu nazarce-nazarce da aka yi a baya sun nunar da yadda antibiotics musamman doxycycline, ke taka rawa musamman wajen rage cutika da ke samuwa ta sanadin jima’i (STIs) musamman ga mutane da ke fuskanatar barazanar iya kamuwa da cutikan kamar maza masu neman maza (MSM).
Wani nazari da aka wallafa a mujallar Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (JAIDS) ya nunar da tasirin doxycycline ga mutanen da aka dora a tsarin (PEP) da ake ganin za su iya kamuwa da cutikan na sanyi STIs cikin mazan masu neman maza na MSM. Nazarin ya nunar da cewa a mutanen da suka yi amfani da doxycycline PEP an samu raguwa ta wadanda suka kamu da kwayoyin cutar ta bacteria da ke haddasa cutar ta sanyi STIs idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba su yi amfani da maganin ba. Duk da haka wannan bincike bai ce komai ba a dangane da tasirin doxycycline ga bazuwar cutar ta HIV ba, abin da ya nunar da bukatar sake nazari a wannan fanni.
Wani nazarin kuma da aka wallaafa a New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) wallafar A.F. Luetkemeyer et al., ta nunar da tasirin doxycycline PEP wajen dakile bazuwar cutar syphilis a tsakanin maza masu neman maza idan aka kwatanta da wadanda basa amfani suke karbar placebo.
Shima wannan nazari yayin da yake nuna tasirin doxycycline wajen dakile yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar syphilis bai ce maganin na dakile cutar HIV ba. Kasancewar abubuwan da ke kawo syphilis da HIV sun banbanta, haka hanyar da suke bi wajen bazuwa.
Duk da irin wannan ci gaba da ake samu, akwai dai fargaba ta yiwuwar samun bijirewar kwayoyin cuta (AMR) ganin yadda ake samun bazuwar amfani da antibiotic don kare kai daga cutika masu alaka da jima’i STIs.
Wani nazari da aka sake review published a (Lancet Infectious Diseases ) ya duba tasiri na doxycycline PEP kan AMR ga kwayoyin cutar bacteria. Nazarin ya kammala da cewa amfani da doxycycline na karamin lokaci don kare bazuwar cutikan na STIs ba lallai su jawo AMR ba, amma shan su barkatai ba bisa ka’ida ba na iya jawo bayyanar bacteria da ke jure wa maganungunan abin da ka iya zama barazana ga lafiyar al’umma.
Duk da haka akwai bukatar zurfafa nazari don gano tasiri da kare kai kan baranazar shan magununan na antibiotics bayan jima’i don kare kamuwa da HIV ganin irin barazanar da ake samu ta bijewar cutika ga magunguna a cikin tsarin kula da lafiyar al’umma.
Me kwararru ke cewa ne?
Kwararru a fannin lafiya na ci gaba da bayyana bukatar da ke akwai ta samun shedu nagartattu kan yadda ake nazartar hanyoyi na kare kai daga cutar ta HIV da ma yadda ake kula da cutika masu bazuwa ta hanyar saduwa.
A wata tattaunawar hadaka tsakanin Dr Costa Atori, babban jami’i a shirin kula da lafiya na USAID (Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria) da Dr Olayinka Badmus mataimakiyar darakta mai kula da ayyuka a aikin na Breakthrough ACTION Nigeria) sun yi kokari wajen fito da banbanci da ke akwai na cutikan da ake samu ta sanadin bacteria da cutikan da ake samu ta sanadin virus, musamman idan ana magana ta hanyoyin kare kai daga cutar ta HIV.
Dr. Olayinka ya kara jaddada cewa “amfani da antibiotics don kare kai daga cutar da virus ke haifarwa babban kuskure ne, bai kamata kuma a ci gaba da yin hakan ba kasancewar yana iya jawo kwayoyin cuta su rika bijirewa magani.”
Da take sake bayyanar da rashin tasirin amfani da antibiotics wajen kare kai daga HIV Dr. Costa ta yi jan kunne da horo na a kaucewa shan magungunan a matsayin na kariya Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP), inda tayi nuni da cewa, “Maganin kokarin kare kai Antiviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) ya kamata a yi amfani da shi yadda ya dace kuma ya kamata mutane su fahimci cewa shi fa batun daukar matakan na kariya PEP ana fara su ne bayan an tabbatar wa namiji ko mace cewa shi baya dauke da cutar ta HIV. ”
A kokari na sake yin kira na a gudanar da cikakken bincike yadda za a tunkari STI da jurewa kwayoyin Dr. Olayinka ta nuna muhimmancin yin gwaji na kwayoyin cuta kafin ba da magani “Idan za a yi maganin cutar ta STI; kamata yayi a gudanar da bincike, cutar da aka gano ayi maganinta. Ma’ana ayi gwaji kafin ba da magani, kuma dukkaninsu miji da mata ayi masu maganin tare.”
Ta kuma yi gargadi kan gangancin amfani da antibiotics wanda kan kawo sauye-sauye a farji , kin jin magani da sadar da wata babbar cuta da ma barazanar kamuwa da cutar ta HIV, kuma idan ana samun bijirewar cutar ga magunguna na kara sanya rudani a kokari da ake yi na kawo karshen cutar da ta shafi yin jima’i.
Har ila yau, Dr Costa da Dr Olayinka sun kuma ba da shawara kan wasu hanyoyin da za a bi don kaucewa kamuwa da cutar, misali ta hanyar yin jima’i a hanyoyi masu kyau, “Yin amfani da kwaroron roba ga maza da mata duk sanda za a yi jima’i. Sun kuma ba da shawara na ci gaba da samun horo ga jami’an lafiya da samar da kayan aiki da bin hanyoyi na kalubalantar cutika masu bijirewa magunguna.”
A binciken da ta gudanar mai suna, “Don’t Take Chances: Why Doxycycline is a Great Bet Against STIs,” Annie Luetkemeyer, farfesa kan cutika masu bazuwa a babban asibiti na Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital da UCSF, “ Doxy-PEP baya ga maganin cutar HIV da sauran wasu cutika da kwayoyin na virus ke haddasawa kamar cutar herps mai feso da kuraje da human papillomavirus (HPV) da kan kama mahaifa, da virus da ke jawo fesar da kuraje a al’aurar mace. Idan mutum na fargabar ya kamu da HIV sai ya dauki matakai da ake dauka idan ana ganin an harbu da kwayoyin cutar cikin kwanaki uku don rage fargabar da ke akwai na kamuwa da cutar ta HIV.”
Kwararru sun ba da shawarar bin ka’idoji na yadda ake amfani da antibiotics, ciki har da amfani da magungunan kamar yadda kwararrun ke ba da shawara a kuma kammala shan magungunan. A kuma kaucewa shan magungunan antibiotics kan cutika wadanda ba na bacteria ba ko yin magani da ka, ba sanya idanu kwararru.
A Karshe
Yayin da abin da aka wallafa , ka iya ba da wani mataki na ba da kariya kan cutikan da kan shafi yin jima’i na STIs sanadin kwayoyin bacteria , dole a kula da irin barazanar da ke tattare shan su barkatai da suka hadar da iya bijirewa cutikan.
Wannan bincike an yi shine karkashin shirin gano gaskiya na DUBAWA 2024 karkashin shirin kwararru na Kwame KariKari Fellowship da hadin gwiwar Bridge Radio 98.7FM, Asaba, a kokari na fito da “gaskiya” a aikin jarida da inganta ilimin aikin jarida a fadin Najeriya.
